Improving -inhomogeneity tolerance by resolving non-bijection in MP2RAGE R mapping: A 2D look-up table approach demonstrated at 3 T.

Purpose: Regarding in vivo, robust longitudinal relaxation rate (R) mapping, the goal of the present paper is two-fold. First, to verify that non-bijective mapping in magnetization-prepared 2 rapid gradient echo (MP2RAGE) imaging can be resolved through a two-dimensional look-up table approach. Second, that the expanded parameter space from this can be used to improve -inhomogeneity tolerance without other prerequisites.

Brain Activation and Aberrant Effective Connectivity in the Mentalizing Network of Preadolescent Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized by social cognitive impairments, and recent research has identified alterations of the social brain. However, it is unknown whether familial high risk (FHR) of these disorders is associated with neurobiological alterations already present in childhood.

Methods: As part of the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study-VIA 11, we examined children at FHR of schizophrenia (n = 121, 50% female) or bipolar disorder (n = 75, 47% female) and population-based control children (PBCs) (n = 128, 48% female).

Clipped DeepControl: Deep neural network two-dimensional pulse design with an amplitude constraint layer.

Advanced radio-frequency pulse design used in magnetic resonance imaging has recently been demonstrated with deep learning of (convolutional) neural networks and reinforcement learning. For two-dimensionally selective radio-frequency pulses, the (convolutional) neural network pulse prediction time (a few milliseconds) was in comparison more than three orders of magnitude faster than the conventional optimal control computation. The network pulses were from the supervised training capable of compensating scan-subject dependent inhomogeneities of B and B fields.

Optimal control gradient precision trade-offs: Application to fast generation of DeepControl libraries for MRI.

We have recently demonstrated supervised deep learning methods for rapid generation of radiofrequency pulses in magnetic resonance imaging (https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.

Diffusional kurtosis imaging as a possible prognostic marker of cervical incomplete spinal cord injury outcome: a prospective pilot study.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with substantial chronic morbidity and mortality. Routine imaging techniques such as T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not effective in predicting neurological deficiency grade or outcome. Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an MR imaging technique that provides microstructural information about biological tissue.

Rapid microstructural plasticity in the cortical semantic network following a short language learning session.

Despite the clear importance of language in our life, our vital ability to quickly and effectively learn new words and meanings is neurobiologically poorly understood. Conventional knowledge maintains that language learning-especially in adulthood-is slow and laborious. Furthermore, its structural basis remains unclear.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Planning, Execution, and Follow-up of Implant-Based Oral Rehabilitation: Systematic Review.

Purpose: To undertake a systematic literature review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) employed in the three phases of implant-based oral rehabilitation: planning, execution, and follow-up.

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE bibliographic databases were searched up to January 2020 for studies assessing the use of MRI alone or in connection with CT and/or CBCT in the planning, execution, or follow-up of dental implant placement and/or bone grafting procedures in the maxilla or the mandible. Included studies were also assessed according to the diagnostic imaging efficacy scale presented by Fryback and Thornbury (F&T).

DeepControl: 2DRF pulses facilitating inhomogeneity and B off-resonance compensation in vivo at 7 T.

Purpose: Rapid 2DRF pulse design with subject-specific inhomogeneity and B off-resonance compensation at 7 T predicted from convolutional neural networks is presented.

Methods: The convolution neural network was trained on half a million single-channel transmit 2DRF pulses optimized with an optimal control method using artificial 2D targets, and B maps. Predicted pulses were tested in a phantom and in vivo at 7 T with measured and B maps from a high-resolution gradient echo sequence.

Ultrafast (milliseconds), multidimensional RF pulse design with deep learning.

Purpose: Some advanced RF pulses, like multidimensional RF pulses, are often long and require substantial computation time because of a number of constraints and requirements, sometimes hampering clinical use. However, the pulses offer opportunities of reduced-FOV imaging, regional flip-angle homogenization, and localized spectroscopy, e.g.

Amygdala and heart rate variability responses from listening to emotionally intense parts of a story.

Emotions are often understood in relation to conditioned responses. Narrative emotions, however, cannot be reduced to a simple associative relationship between emotion words and their experienced counterparts. Intensity in stories may arise without any overt emotion depicting words and vice versa.

BOLD response to motion verbs in left posterior middle temporal gyrus during story comprehension.

A primary focus within neuroimaging research on language comprehension is on the distribution of semantic knowledge in the brain. Studies have shown that the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (LPMT), a region just anterior to area MT/V5, is important for the processing of complex action knowledge. It has also been found that motion verbs cause activation in LPMT.

Visualization of nonlinear kernel models in neuroimaging by sensitivity maps.

There is significant current interest in decoding mental states from neuroimages. In this context kernel methods, e.g.

[Functional magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis].

The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is reviewed. fMRI is an efficient method to map brain activity non-invasively and has shown that adaptive cortical changes take place as a consequence of demyelination and tissue loss in MS. These changes may help to maintain normal function in the course of MS, and to some extent they might explain the moderate correlation between conventional MRI findings and disability.

Motion verb sentences activate left posterior middle temporal cortex despite static context.

The left posterior middle temporal region, anterior to V5/MT, has been shown to be responsive both to images with implied motion, to simulated motion, and to motion verbs. In this study, we investigated whether sentence context alters the response of the left posterior middle temporal region. 'Fictive motion' sentences are sentences in which an inanimate subject noun, semantically incapable of self movement, is coupled with a motion verb, yielding an apparent semantic contradiction (e.

Concrete spatial language: see what I mean?

Conveying complex mental scenarios is at the heart of human language. Advances in cognitive linguistics suggest this is mediated by an ability to activate cognitive systems involved in non-linguistic processing of spatial information. In this fMRI-study, we compare sentences with a concrete spatial meaning to sentences with an abstract meaning.