The application of mass spectrometry method for the study and identification of medically important viruses (review of literature).

It is difficult to overestimate the urgency of the problem of well-timed diagnosis of viral infections. According to the WHO, dozens of outbreaks of viral diseases are recorded annually, both in developing and developed countries. Moreover, the seasonal flu virus alone is capable of infecting up to 20% of the population, even in European countries with a high level of medicine.

[Assessment of the possibility of application in laboratory practice of reagent kit for diagnosis of glanders and melioidosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction.].

The reagent kit AmpligenBurk-mallei/pseudomallei-RT PCR is designed for detecting in vitro diagnostics and differentiate the DNA of glanders and melioidosis pathogens by real-time multiplex PCR in biological (clinical) material and cultures of microorganisms, as well as environmental objects and solid food products (rice). During clinical testing diagnostic value of reagent kit AmpligenBurk-mallei/pseudomallei-RT PCR has been studied. Based on the results obtained, a high analytical sensitivity (1×10 microbe cells/ml) and specificity (100%) of PCR-RT with the developed reagent kit were established, regardless of the type of material being studied.

[Preparation for state registration of the reagent kit for the detection and differentiation of the DNA of burkholderia «pseudomallei» group.].

The reagent kit designed to detect and simultaneously differentiate the DNA of three species of Burkholderia pseudomallei - causative agents of melioidosis (B. pseudomallei), glanders (B. mallei) and B.

[Zika fever immunodiagnostics: overview of test systems.].

The threat of rapid spread of Zika virus beyond endemic regions has given rise to more research in field of epidemiology and clinic, as well as to the search for Zika fiver new diagnostic and preventive tools. Between 2013 and 2017 in Russia 18 cases of infection transmission by travellers were reported. Fever Zika reference monitoring center in Volgograd Research AntiPlague Institute (Volgograd, Russian Federation) provides counseling and methodological assistance on laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of Zika fever.

Influence of Biochemical Features of Strains on Identification Reliability by Vitek 2 System.

Background: is a Gram-negative saprophytic soil bacterium that causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease endemic in wet tropical areas. The currently available biochemical identification systems can misidentify some strains of . The aim of the present study was to identify the biochemical features of , which can affect its correct identification by Vitek 2 system.

Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia thailandensis, and Burkholderia cepacia complex.

Two species of Burkholderia pseudomallei complex (Bpc), B. pseudomallei and B. mallei, can cause severe life-threatening infections.

[The problems of identification of various strains of vegetative form of Bacillus anthracis using MALDI-ToF MS technique.].

The article considers experience of application of mass-spectrometry with matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization for fast and reliable identification of Bacillus anthracis and heterologous species of microorganisms. The particular interesting characteristics and difficulties occurred during identification are covered.

[The application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with matrix activated laser desorption-ionization (MALDI-ToF) for identifying agents of glanders and melioidosis].

The article presents the results of application of developed methodological approach to identifying Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei using direct mass spectrometry profiling of cellular proteins. The protocol of sampling preparation of cultures of melioidosis and glanders was optimized with taking in account characteristics of observation of requirements of biological safety for operations with pathogenic biological agents of pathogenicity group II. The dependence of quality of mass spectrums (number of individual peaks and their intensity) from medium of fermentation of microorganisms was evaluated.

[SPREAD OF ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS MYCOSES IN THE WORLD].

Contemporary information on the spread in the world of especially dangerous mycoses - coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis are presented in the review. Sources and infection routes of causative agents of these diseases are examined, clinical forms of mycoses are briefly characterized. An increase of morbidity due to them over the last decade is noted.

[Topical issues of biological safety under current conditions. Part 3. Scientific provision for the national regulation of the biological safety framework in its broad interpretation].

Consequent of investigation concerned with biological safety (BS) framework development in its broad interpretation, reflected in the Russian Federation State Acts, identified have been conceptual entity parameters of the up-to-date broad interpretation of BS, which have formed a part of the developed by the authors system for surveillance (prophylaxis, localization, indication, identification, and diagnostics) and control (prophylaxis, localization, and response/elimination) over the emergency situations of biological (sanitary-epidemiological) character. The System functionality is activated through supplying the content with information data which are concerned with monitoring and control of specific internal and external threats in the sphere of BS provision fixed in the Supplement 2 of the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), and with the previously characterized nomenclature of hazardous biological factors. The system is designed as a network-based research-and-practice tool for evaluation of the situation in the sphere of BS provision, as well as assessment of efficacy of management decision making as regards BS control and proper State policy implementation.

[Topical issues of biological safety under current conditions. Part 2. Conceptual, terminological, and definitive framework of biological safety].

In accordance with the established conceptual base for the up-to-date broad interpretation of biological safety, and IHR (2005), developed is the notional, terminological, and definitive framework, comprising 33 elements. Key item of the nomenclature is the biological safety that is identified as population safety (individual, social, national) from direct and (or) human environment mediated (occupational, socio-economic, geopolitical infrastructures, ecological system) exposures to hazardous biological factors. Ultimate objective of the biological safety provision is to prevent and liquidate aftermaths of emergency situations of biological character either of natural or human origin (anthropogenic) arising from direct and indirect impact of the biological threats to the public health compatible with national and international security hazard.

[Criteria and methods for assessing the reliability of medical equipment. Part II: special requirements to reliability of medical equipment and methods for reliability improvement].

Classification of medical equipment according to the failure effects is given. Methods for increasing the reliability of medical equipment are considered. The problem of organization of the technical state monitoring, maintenance and metrological support of medical equipment is considered from the viewpoint of legislative control.

[Criteria and methods for assessing the reliability of medical equipment].

Specific features of the methods for assessing the reliability of medical equipment are considered together with the reliability criteria and factors.

[Prophage CTXphi genome variability and its role in alteration of Vibrio cholerae El Tor virulence characteristics].

Comparative analysis of CTXphi prophage genome of 366 V. cholerae El Tor strains isolated from infected people and water was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction. Four groups of vibrios, which carry different combinations of ctxA, zot, and ace genes from core region of CTXphi prophage coding key (cholera enterotoxin) and accessory (Zot and Ace toxins) pathogenicity factors, were determined: ctxA(+) zot(-) ace(+), ctxA(-) zot(+) ace(+), ctxA(-) zot(+) ace(-), ctxA(-) zot(-) ace(+).

[Liver cirrhosis of alcoholic etiology complicated by the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis].

The case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in the patient, with alcoholic cirrhosis, is presented in the article. Clinical observation demonstrates diagnostic hardships of latent clinical course of alcoholic cirrhosis, complicated SBP. Clinical observation demonstrated diagnostic consequence of ultrasound elastometry.

[Assessment of service life of sophisticated medical equipment].

The main principles of assessment of reliability and service life of sophisticated medical equipment are described.

[HCV infection in the elderly].

Aim: To investigate prevalence, clinical picture and course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in elderly patients.

Material And Methods: A total of 1045 patients aged 60- 74 years with chronic diseases of the liver (CDL) were examined for hepatitis.

Results: HCV monoinfection was detected in 210 (20.

[Clinical-functional and morphological changes in the large intestine in patients with chronic abdominal ischemia].

The article presents a study of clinical variants of ischemic lesions of the large intestine (ILLI) in patients with the chronic abdominal ischemia (CAI) syndrome. There was an examination of 42 patients with putative ILLI, who had a cardiovascular pathology at the background, which led to significant hemodynamic disorders of the blood flow in unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta. The authors performed a complex diagnostics of ILLI including anamnestic and clinical data, laboratory and morphological assessment of the large intestine and vessels providing its blood supply.

[Effects of the recombinant plasmid carrying the genes of cholera prophages CTX and RS1 on the expression of virulence and immunogenicity genes in the cholera pathogen].

Using toxin-coregulated adhesion pili (TCP), the etiologic agent of cholera is able to colonize human small intestine, where this pathogen proceeds with the production of the secreted cholera toxin (CT), inducing the development of severe diarrhea. At the same time, TCP and CT are not only the major factors of pathogenicity but also form a part of the group of key protective antigens. Immunoenzyme, immunoblotting, self-agglutination investigations, electron-microscopic studies, and electrophoretic assay of the outer membrane proteins showed that the recombinant plasmid carrying a number of cloned genes of two prophages, CTX and RS1, introduced into model Vibrio cholerae strains classical biovariant, resulted in the formation of strains with an enhanced rate of synthesis of three protective antigens: CT, TCP, and an outer membrane protein, OmpU.

[Comparative analysis of the major protective antigens production in Vibrio cholerae recombinant and producer strains of the classical biovar].

The comparative study of 4 constructed protective antigen producing strains of the classical biovar and V. cholerae strains 569 B Inaba and M41 Ogawa, used in manufacturing the cholera chemical vaccine "cholerogen-toxoid", was carried out. The study revealed that V.

[Phenotypical analysis of heterogenic Vibrio cholerae strain Dacca 35 Ogawa].

The comparative analysis of the production of the main pathogenicity factors by toxigenic and non-toxigenic clones of V. cholerae natural classical strain Dacca 35 Ogawa has been carried out. The data obtained in this analysis indicate that the appearance of turbid colonies, not synthesing cholera toxin, is linked with the production of an exopolysaccharide layer on the outer surface of the cells, which determines their morphology.