Retention of bioactive compounds during technological steps of the production of bread enriched with roasted buckwheat hulls.

The retention of bioactive compounds in the blend of wheat and rye flours and 4% roasted buckwheat hulls, dough before and after fermentation, and obtained bread were determined. In parallel, the content of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and antioxidant capacity (AC) during technological steps of bread production were studied. The dough formation and fermentation process increased the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids and reduced the content of tocopherols, and no changes in glutathione as compared to the blend were noted.

Metal leakage from orthodontic appliances chemically alters enamel surface during experimental in vitro simulated treatment.

Human enamel is composed mainly of apatite. This mineral of sorption properties is susceptible to chemical changes, which in turn affect its resistance to dissolution. This study aimed to investigate whether metal leakage from orthodontic appliances chemically alters the enamel surface during an in vitro simulated orthodontic treatment.

Identification and Bioaccessibility of Maillard Reaction Products and Phenolic Compounds in Buckwheat Biscuits Formulated from Flour Fermented by 2710.

The identification and potential bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds using the highly sensitive micro-HPLC-QTRAP/MS/MS technique and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in buckwheat biscuits formulated from flours, raw and roasted, fermented by 2710 was addressed in this study after in vitro digestion. The content of the analyzed MRPs such as furosine, FAST index, and the level of melanoidins defined by the browning index was increased in the biscuits prepared from fermented flours as compared to the control biscuits prepared from non-fermented ones. After in vitro digestion higher content of furosine was observed in control and tested biscuits providing its high potential bioaccessibility.

Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from Buckwheat Biscuits Prepared from Flours Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria.

The literature reports that the consumption of common buckwheat ( Moench), exactly the polyphenols it contains, is associated with a wide spectrum of health benefits. Therefore, the determination of the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and flavonoids from buckwheat biscuits formulated from liquid-state fermented flours (BB) by selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) after gastrointestinal digestion was addressed in this study. Bioaccessibility could be defined as the fraction of a compound that is released from the food matrix in the gastrointestinal lumen and used for intestinal absorption.

The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Features Different Permeability to Cyanidin-3-galactoside and Cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside and Their Metabolites Circulating in Blood.

Previous studies have demonstrated the penetration of anthocyanins through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF barrier) after intraruminal administration of chokeberry and red cabbage preparation to sheep. However, they have failed to explain which food anthocyanin forms are more capable of crossing the BCSF barrier. Thus, this study aim was to verify the ability of cyanidin 3-galactoside (Cy3gal, main chokeberry anthocyanin) and cyanidin 3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (Cy3diG5G, main red cabbage anthocyanin) to cross the BCSF barrier on the sheep model ( = 16) after intravenous administration (to exclude the influence of gastrointestinal processes) of preparations containing these compounds.

The Effect of Brilliant Blue-Based Plaque-Staining Agents on Aesthetic Orthodontic Appliances.

Orthodontic appliances discolour over treatment time, and a yellowish plaque builds up on the contact area of the brackets, adhesive and teeth. Brilliant Blue-based plaque-staining agents (BBPSAs), which increase tooth brushing efficiency, have the potential to support the maintenance of proper oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. However, they exhibit strong colouring properties, and their impact on the aesthetics of braces remains unclear.

Perfluoroalkyl Substance Contamination Levels of Pike (Esox lucius L.) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) from Selected Masurian Lakes in Eastern Europe.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of increased concern because of their bioaccumulation in humans and the biota, the health risk they pose to humans and other animals, and their persistence in the environment. In the present study, the occurrence of PFAS in selected tissues from pike (Esox lucius L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus L.

Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity in Oat-Buckwheat Dough and Cookies with Added Spices or Herbs.

The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in oat-buckwheat doughs and cookies with the addition of ten selected spices or herbs (2 g/100 g flours weight basis). The used spices and herbs, as was expected, showed a wide range of bioactive molecules, namely phenolic acids and flavonoids, and they are a rich source of components with antioxidant potential. All analysed oat-buckwheat dough showed higher antioxidant activity potential and higher total phenolic content (TPC) compared to cookies.

Chokeberry anthocyanins and their metabolites ability to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.

The aim of this study was to determine whether anthocyanins and their phase II metabolites permeate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B) of sheep and to profile these compounds in sheep biofluids after chokeberry intraruminal administration. Anthocyanins were analyzed using micro-HPLC-MS/MS. After chokeberry administration, anthocyanins were absorbed and occurred in body fluids mainly in the form of methylated, glucuronidated, and sulfated derivatives (in total, 21 derivatives were identified).

Interactions of Fe-N-S Co-Doped Porous Carbons with Bacteria: Sorption Effect and Enzyme-Like Properties.

Carbon-based (nano)materials doped with transition metals, nitrogen and other heteroatoms are considered active heterogeneous catalysts in a wide range of chemical processes. Recently they have been scrutinized as artificial enzymes since they can catalyze proton-coupled electron transfer reactions vital for living organisms. Herein, interactions between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and either metal-free N and/or S doped or metal containing Fe-N-S co-doped porous carbons are studied.

The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Is Selective for Red Cabbage Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites.

The study aim was to determine whether strongly bioactive hydrophilic red cabbage anthocyanins possess the ability to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (blood-CSF barrier) and whether there is a selectivity of this barrier toward these compounds. To fulfill objectives, red cabbage preparation, containing nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins, was administered to 16 sheep with implanted cannulas into the brain third ventricle, and next, within 10 h, blood, urine, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected and analyzed with HPLC-MS/MS. Though, in blood plasma and urine after red cabbage intake, both, acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins and their metabolites occurred, but only nonacylated derivatives were present in the CSF, and their changes in the profile and concentration in the CSF resulted from the fluctuation of these pigments' concentration and profile in blood, their different abilities to permeate via the blood-CSF barrier, and their transformations in this barrier.

ACE Inhibitory Properties and Phenolics Profile of Fermented Flours and of Baked and Digested Biscuits from Buckwheat.

The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and phenolics profile of fermented flours and of baked and digested buckwheat biscuits was studied. The fermentation of buckwheat flour by select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) caused a decrease in ACE inhibitory activity as compared to the non-fermented flour. The baking process significantly reduced the ACE inhibitory activity of biscuits obtained from fermented flours, whereas digestion significantly increased these properties.

Characterization of the profile and concentration of betacyanin in the gastric content, blood and urine of rats after an intragastric administration of fermented red beet juice.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the profile and level of betacyanins in the gastric content, blood (portal and main veins) and urine of rats after an intragastric administration of fermented red beet juice with various betacyanin doses. Samples were collected within 2 h after juice administration into the stomachs, separated from the digestive tract of a living rat. In the gastric content, betacyanins administered underwent intensive degradation and changes in their profile, as a result of the conditions prevailing in the stomach and the intensity of the absorption process.

Selected metal content and antioxidant capacity of Sambucus nigra flowers from the urban areas versus soil parameters and traffic intensity.

The metal accumulation and antioxidant contents in flowers of wild specimens of European elder (Sambucus nigra L.), a famous medicinal plant and valuable component in the urban landscape, were determined. The total reflection X-ray fluorescence revealed the presence of K, Rb, Ca, Sr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn associated with flowers.

Profile and Content of Betalains in Plasma and Urine of Volunteers after Long-Term Exposure to Fermented Red Beet Juice.

The aim of this study was to determine profile and content of betalains in volunteers' plasma and urine after long-term exposure to fermented red beet juice. During 6 weeks, 24 healthy volunteers consumed juice with a dose of 0.7 mg betalains/kg body weight.

Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of pyromorphite-vanadinite solid solutions.

Due to the great range of the application fields for apatites, there is a strong need to complete the data set determining the properties of these minerals. In this study, Raman and Infrared spectra of the phases from pyromorphite Pb(PO)Cl - vanadinite Pb(VO)Cl series were investigated. Totally, 9 samples (2 end-members and 7 solid solutions of the series) were synthesized at 25°C and pH=3.

Quercetin and isorhamnetin aglycones are the main metabolites of dietary quercetin in cerebrospinal fluid.

Scope: Reports on the protective effect of certain foods on brain functions are numerous; however, the permeability of the brain barriers by food components is still hardly recognised. There have been in vitro studies aimed at demonstrating this possibility, but not much is known about this phenomenon in in vivo systems. The objective of the study was to determine the metabolites of dietary quercetin (Q) in urine, blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after intra-rumen administration of Q rich onion dry skin in an animal model.

Changes in the content and composition of anthocyanins in red cabbage and its antioxidant capacity during fermentation, storage and stewing.

The effect of fermentation, storage and stewing on the content and composition of anthocyanins as well as antioxidant capacity of red cabbage was studied. The observation of anthocyanins profile by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was conducted. Red cabbage products contained twenty different nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins with main structure of cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside.

Pb remobilization by bacterially mediated dissolution of pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl in presence of phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas putida.

Remediation of lead (Pb)-contaminated sites with phosphate amendments is one of the best studied and cost-effective methods for in situ immobilization. In this treatment, a very stable mineral, pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl, is formed. Several studies propose to improve this treatment method with the addition of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB).

[Assessment of insulin sensitivity during exercise training program in obese women. Comparison of simple indices with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique].

Insulin resistance is a key element of metabolic syndrome, which includes disturbances of glucose tolerance, obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease dyslipidemia and many other defects. An important problem in scientific research is precise measurement of insulin sensitivity. The method considered "the gold standard" is glucose clamp, however, it is difficult to apply this method in large studies.

[The influence of corticosteroids on IL-6/IL-6R system in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy].

Unlabelled: IL-6 and its soluble receptor (IL-6R) appeared as reliable markers of inflammation activity in autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was an estimation of serum IL-6 and sIL-R in patients with Graves' disease with ophthalmopathy during treatment with corticosteroids to assess their potential as a guideline of immunosuppressive therapy. We detected serum HIL-6 and IL-6R in three groups of subjects: 18 patients with clinical symptoms of ophthalmopathy (Clinical Activity Score > or = 3, anamnesis of GO > or = 1 yr), 16 patients with Graves' disease without ophthalmopathy (Gd) and 14 healthy volunteers.

Serum Th1 and Th2 profile cytokine level changes in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy treated with corticosteroids.

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on Th1 and Th2 serum cytokine balance in patients with GO: IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-4 and IL-10. Further, we tested the hypothesis of an up-regulation of Th2 immune response during successful treatment with corticosteroids to explain their beneficial effect in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Serum cytokines were detected in three groups of subjects: 20 patients with Graves' disease without ophthalmopathy (Gd), 16 patients with clinical symptoms of ophthalmopathy (GO) (CAS over 3 points, last consultation record for GO less than a year old) and 16 healthy volunteers.

Serum L-selectin and ICAM-1 in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy during treatment with corticosteroids.

Unlabelled: Circulating forms of L-selectin were found to be elevated in several autoimmune diseases. ICAM-1 has been suggested a predictor of the onset of GO. The aim of the study was an estimation of serum L-selectin and ICAM-1 in patients with Graves' disease with ophthalmopathy during treatment with corticosteroids to assess their potential as a guideline of immunosuppressive therapy.