Feasibility of insertion/implantation of 2.0-mm-diameter gold internal fiducial markers for precise setup and real-time tumor tracking in radiotherapy.

Purpose: To examine the feasibility and reliability of insertion of internal fiducial markers into various organs for precise setup and real-time tumor tracking in radiotherapy (RT).

Materials And Methods: Equipment and techniques for the insertion of 2.0-mm-diameter gold markers into or near the tumor were developed for spinal/paraspinal lesions, prostate tumors, and liver and lung tumors.