Is the environmental Kuznets curve valid for transport sector in Pakistan? New evidence for non-renewable energy and urbanization using the QARDL approach.

The transportation industry is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. This study broadens the literature on environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) by assessing Pakistan's carbon dioxide emissions in the transport sector taking into account the impact of non-renewable energy, urbanization, and economic growth for the period of 1995-2018 using the novel QARDL model. Moreover, the outcomes of the study make a momentous benefaction to the literature by focusing a sector that contributes substantially to pollution in Pakistan.

Revisiting global energy efficiency and CO emission nexus: fresh evidence from the panel quantile regression model.

Given the importance of energy efficiency in environmental degradation, the effects of energy efficiency and renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption on global environmental pollution were investigated. For this purpose, panel data from 107 countries from 1996 to 2014 were examined. In addition, the present study also tested the well-known environmental Kuznets curve (EKC).