Plastics in human diets: development and evaluation of the 24-h Dietary Recall - Plastic Exposure and the Dietary Plastics Score.

Background: Humans are commonly exposed to plastic through their dietary intake and food consumption patterns. Plastic-associated chemicals (PAC), such as bisphenols and phthalates, are recognized as endocrine-disrupting and are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. However, accurate methods to assess dietary exposure to plastic products and PAC are inadequate, limiting interrogation of health impacts.

Correction: Identifying areas of Australia with high out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and low bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates: A retrospective, observational study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Long term impact of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation on hepatic morphology.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term morphologic changes occurring in the liver after TIPS creation with correlation with hepatic function to gain insight on the physiologic impact of TIPS on the liver.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent TIPS creation between 2005 and 2022 and had contrasted CT or MRI studies prior to and between 1 and 2 years post procedure. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to avoid confounding.

Identifying areas of Australia with high out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and low bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates: A retrospective, observational study.

Aim: This study aims to explore regional variation and identify regions within Australia with high incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and low rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Method: Adult OHCAs of presumed medical aetiology occurring across Australia between 2017 and 2019 were mapped onto local government areas (LGA) using the location of arrest coordinates. Bayesian spatial models were applied to provide "smoothed" estimates of OHCA incidence and bystander CPR rates (for bystander-witnessed OHCAs) for each LGA.

Finger Thoracostomy for Tension Pneumothorax.

One of the injuries associated with chest trauma is pneumothorax, a condition where air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura in the chest leading to collapse of the lung due to pressure. Left untreated, a tension pneumothorax may develop leading to cardiovascular collapse. This article reviews the development of a tension pneumothorax, discusses the clinical recognition of the diagnosis, and outlines the procedure for performing a finger (or simple) thoracostomy.

Spectroscopic detection of the gallium methylene (GaCH2 and GaCD2) free radical in the gas phase by laser-induced fluorescence and emission spectroscopy.

GaCH2, a free radical thought to play a role in the chemical vapor deposition of gallium-containing thin films and semiconductors, has been spectroscopically detected for the first time. The radical was produced in a pulsed discharge jet using a precursor mixture of trimethylgallium vapor in high pressure argon and studied by laser-induced fluorescence and wavelength resolved emission techniques. Partially rotationally resolved spectra of the hydrogenated and deuterated species were obtained, and they exhibit the nuclear statistical weight variations and subband structure expected for a 2A2-2B1 electronic transition.

A study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial of smartphone-activated first responders with ultraportable defibrillators in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: The First Responder Shock Trial (FIRST).

Objective: To describe the First Responder Shock Trial (FIRST), which aims to determine whether equipping frequently responding, smartphone-activated (GoodSAM) first responders with an ultraportable AED can increase 30-day survival rates in OHCA.

Methods: The FIRST trial is an investigator-initiated, bi-national (Victoria, Australia and New Zealand), registry-nested cluster-randomised controlled trial where the unit of randomisation is the smartphone-activated (GoodSAM) first responder. High-frequency GoodSAM responders are randomised 1:1 to receive an ultraportable, single-use AED or standard alert procedures using the GoodSAM app.

Out-of-Hospital emergency airway management practices: A nationwide observational study from Aotearoa New Zealand.

Background And Objectives: Airway management is crucial for emergency care in critically ill patients outside the hospital setting. An Airway Registry is useful in providing essential information for quality improvement purposes. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an out-of-hospital airway registry and describe airway management practices in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ).

Genomic Sequencing to Diagnose Prosthetic Joint Infection in the Knee: A Case Report.

There is currently no "gold-standard" method to diagnose prosthetic joint infections (PJI), and the current practice of using microbiological cultures has many limitations. The identification of the bacterial species causing the infection is crucial to guide treatment; therefore, a robust method needs to be developed. Here, we attempt to use genomic sequencing with the MinION device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies to identify the species of bacteria causing PJI in a 61-year-old male.

The development of a risk-adjustment strategy to benchmark emergency medical service (EMS) performance in relation to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Australia and New Zealand.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a risk adjustment strategy, including effect modifiers, for benchmarking emergency medical service (EMS) performance for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Australia and New Zealand.

Method: Using 2017-2019 data from the Australasian Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (Aus-ROC) OHCA Epistry, we included adults who received an EMS attempted resuscitation for a presumed medical OHCA. Logistic regression was applied to develop risk adjustment models for event survival (return of spontaneous circulation at hospital handover) and survival to hospital discharge/30 days.

Geospatial and Socioeconomic Factors Interact to Predict Management and Outcomes in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery: A Single Institution Study of 740 Patients.

Objective: Determine interactions between geospatial and socioeconomic factors influencing cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) management and outcomes.

Design: Retrospective review and outcomes analysis (n = 740).

Setting: Urban academic tertiary care center.

Leveraging CTSA hubs for rapid, large-scale, high-impact research: A case study during a global public health emergency.

As the COVID-19 pandemic took hold in the USA in early 2020, it became clear that knowledge of the prevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among asymptomatic individuals could inform public health policy decisions and provide insight into the impact of the infection on vulnerable populations. Two Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Hubs and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) set forth to conduct a national seroprevalence survey to assess the infection's rate of spread. This partnership was able to quickly design and launch the project by leveraging established research capacities, prior experiences in large-scale, multisite studies and a highly skilled workforce of CTSA hubs and unique experimental capabilities at the NIH to conduct a diverse prospective, longitudinal observational cohort of 11,382 participants who provided biospecimens and participant-reported health and behavior data.

Spectroscopic detection of the stannylidene (HC=Sn and DC=Sn) molecule in the gas phase.

The HCSn and DCSn molecules have been detected for the first time by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and emission spectroscopic techniques through the B̃B-X̃A electronic transition in the 425-400 nm region. These reactive species were prepared in a pulsed electric discharge jet using (CH)Sn or (CD)Sn diluted in high-pressure argon. Transitions to the electronic excited state of the jet-cooled molecules were probed with LIF, and the ground state and low-lying ÃA state energy levels were measured from single vibronic level emission spectra.

A conflicted tribe under pressure: A qualitative study of negative workplace behaviour in nursing.

Aim: This study explored workplace interactions of Australian nurses in regional acute care hospitals through an examination of nurses' experiences and perceptions of workplace behaviour.

Design: This research is informed by Social Worlds Theory and is the qualitative component of an overarching mixed methods sequential explanatory study.

Methods: Between January and March 2019, data were collected from 13 nursing informants from different occupational levels and roles, who engaged in semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews.

cDC1 coordinate innate and adaptive responses in the omentum required for T cell priming and memory.

In the peritoneal cavity, the omentum contains fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) whose role in response to infection is poorly understood. After intraperitoneal immunization with , conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) were critical to induce innate sources of IFN-γ and cellular changes in the FALCs. Unexpectedly, infected peritoneal macrophages that migrated into the FALCs primed CD8 T cells.

Spectroscopic identification and characterization of the aluminum methylene (AlCH) free radical.

The AlCH free radical has been spectroscopically identified for the first time. This highly reactive species was produced in an electric discharge jet using trimethylaluminum vapor in high pressure argon as the precursor. The laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of the B̃A-X̃B band system in the 513-483 nm region was recorded, and the 0-0 bands of AlCH and AlCD were studied at high resolution.

Predictive value of the New Zealand Early Warning Score for early mortality in low-acuity patients discharged at scene by paramedics: an observational study.

Objectives: The utility of New Zealand Early Warning Score (NZEWS) for prediction of adversity in low-acuity patients discharged at scene by paramedics has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the NZEWS risk-assessment tool and adverse outcomes of early mortality or ambulance reattendance within 48 hours in low-acuity, prehospital patients not transported by ambulance.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Creating respectful workplaces for nurses in regional acute care settings: A quasi-experimental design.

Aim: To examine self-reported exposure and experiences of negative workplace behaviour and ways of coping of nursing staff before and after educational workshops.

Design: A Quasi-experimental design.

Method/setting/participants: Data were collected pre- /postworkshops using a structured questionnaire.

Barely fluorescent molecules. I. Twin-discharge jet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of HSnCl and DSnCl.

The divalent tin transient molecules HSnCl and DSnCl have been detected for the first time by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. HSnCl/DSnCl were produced in a twin-discharge jet using separate precursor streams of SnH/SnD and the discharge products from HCl/DCl, both diluted in high pressure argon. The ÃA″-X̃A' spectrum of HSnCl consists of a single vibronic 0 band with a very short fluorescence lifetime (∼30 ns).

Barely fluorescent molecules. II. Twin-discharge jet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of HSnBr and DSnBr.

HSnBr and DSnBr have been detected for the first time by a combination of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), fluorescence hole-burning, and wavelength resolved emission spectroscopies. The transient molecules were produced in a twin-discharge jet using separate precursor streams of SnH/SnD and HBr/DBr, both diluted in high pressure argon. The ÃA″-X̃A' spectrum of HSnBr only consists of the 0 and 2 cold bands that show clearly resolved subband structure with fluorescence lifetimes varying from 526 to 162 ns.

Potential for Use of Portable Ultrasound Devices in Rural and Remote Settings in Australia and Other Developed Countries: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has become more common for rapid evaluation. Applications are limited by lack of training of users, difficulty maintaining ultrasound competencies, access to equipment for optimal imaging, and limitations in quality control. Such barriers exist in low-resource, underserved health care settings.