GLI1-Altered Mesenchymal Tumor-Multiomic Characterization of a Case Series and Patient-Level Meta-analysis of One Hundred Sixty-Seven Cases for Risk Stratification.

GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumors have recently emerged as a distinctive group of neoplasms characterized by GLI1 fusions or amplifications. Although there is clearly metastatic potential, the clinicopathologic features predicting for metastasis are currently unknown. Herein, we present 6 cases of GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumors with multiomics analysis.

Spindle cell neoplasms with novel LTK fusion - Expanding the spectrum of kinase fusion-positive soft tissue tumors.

Aims: Kinase fusion-positive soft tissue tumors represent an emerging, molecularly defined group of mesenchymal tumors with a wide morphologic spectrum and diverse activating kinases. Here, we present two cases of soft tissue tumors with novel LTK fusions.

Methods And Results: Both cases presented as acral skin nodules (big toe and middle finger) in pediatric patients (17-year-old girl and 2-year-old boy).

A single-cell atlas of conventional central chondrosarcoma reveals the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in malignant transformation.

The transformation of benign lesions to malignant tumours is a crucial aspect of understanding chondrosarcomas, which are malignant cartilage tumours that could develop from benign chondroid lesions. However, the process of malignant transformation for chondroid lesions remains poorly understood, and no reliable markers are available to aid clinical decision-making. To address this issue, we conducted a study analysing 11 primary cartilage tumours and controls using single-cell RNA sequencing.

KRAS Mutation Testing on Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Samples Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Pancreatic Cancer.

Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) cytology was one of the investigations for pancreatic masses. While the specificity approached 100%, its sensitivity remained low because of high rate of indeterminate and false-negative results. Meanwhile, KRAS gene was frequently mutated in up to 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesions.

Novel Fusion in a Primary Bone Sarcoma: Expanding the spectrum of Fusion Sarcoma.

Soft tissue tumors with fusion had been emerging as a group of tumors with peculiar histology and immunoprofile. While a case series and rare case reports of translocated sarcoma had been reported, to our knowledge a primary bone tumor with translocation and fusion partner with had not been described in the literature. The patient was a 60-year-old lady, with strong family history of breast cancer, who presented with pathological fracture of right humerus.

Case report on metastatic pelvic bone tumor treated with frozen autograft by liquid nitrogen.

Introduction And Importance: Frozen autograft recycling has been used for biological reconstruction of bone defects following tumor excision, more commonly in extremities. We report on the histological outcome of a pelvic recycled frozen autograft.

Case Presentation: We investigated the pelvic frozen autograft removed in 2 years and 8 months after surgery because of soft tissue recurrence in pelvic floor.

Imaging of intramuscular haemangiomas of the extremities.

Intramuscular haemangiomas are benign soft tissue tumours that are more frequently seen in children and young adults. As they may be difficult to diagnose clinically, imaging has an important role in the detection, diagnosis and preoperative planning of these lesions. Haemangiomas of the extremities may be classified into capillary, cavernous, venous and mixed types, with or without an arteriovenous shunt, depending on the predominant vascular channels.

Co-existing malignant lesions in atypical ductal hyperplasia - Pathology, probability, predictors and prognosis.

Background: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is known to be associated with underlying malignant breast conditions. Previous studies have shown that up to 40% of ADH found in core needle biopsy of the breasts had undiagnosed malignant lesions after excision.

Methods: This is a retrospective study on a prospectively maintained database.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a 10-year study from a multicentre clinical database.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon, chronic inflammatory breast disease with elusive aetiology, simulating malignancy clinically and radiologically. Here we present our 10-year review on a region-wide multicentre IGM database. A retrospective study was performed on a prospectively maintained database from three University affiliated hospitals in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China.

Factors affecting the under-diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed by core needle biopsies - A 10-year retrospective study and review of the literature.

Introduction: Due to the possibility of underestimation, surgical excision is usually offered to patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) diagnosed with core needle biopsy (CNB). Here we review the 10-year data of patients with ADH diagnosed by CNB, aiming to identify the factors associated with under-diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective review of database from 1st Jan 2005 to 31st Dec 2014 was performed; patients with ADH diagnosed by CNB were identified.

Effect of Thyroid Remnant Volume on the Risk of Hypothyroidism After Hemithyroidectomy: A Prospective Study.

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common sequel after a hemithyroidectomy. Although various risk factors leading to hypothyroidism have been reported, the effect of the contralateral lobe's volume has been understudied. This study aimed to examine the association between the preoperative contralateral lobe's volume and the risk of postoperative hypothyroidism.

The total number of tissue blocks per centimetre of tumor significantly correlated with the risk of distant metastasis in patients with minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Given that careful histological examination plays a pivotal role in follicular thyroid carcinoma categorization, we hypothesize that the number of blocks taken at initial specimen review may be associated with survival outcomes of patients initially diagnosed with minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Methods: A total of 162 patients with confirmed minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma were analyzed. The number of tissue blocks taken from each patient was recorded and the number of blocks per each centimeter of tumor was calculated.

Significance of Size of Persistent/Recurrent Central Nodal Disease on Surgical Morbidity and Response to Therapy in Reoperative Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: To balance the risk of disease progression, morbidity, and efficacy of reoperative central neck dissection (RCND) in papillary thyroid carcinoma, the latest clinical guidelines recommend early surgery over surveillance when the largest diseased node is >8 mm in its smallest dimension. However, the evidence remains scarce. To determine an appropriate size for first-time RCND, the relationship between size of largest diseased central node, morbidity, and response-to-therapy following RCND was examined.

The significance of unrecognized histological high-risk features on response to therapy in papillary thyroid carcinoma measuring 1-4 cm: implications for completion thyroidectomy following lobectomy.

Background: Although lobectomy is an alternative to total thyroidectomy (TT) for 1-4 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) without high-risk features (HRFs) such as aggressive histology, vascular invasion, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), microscopic extrathyroidal extension, positive margin, nodal metastasis >5 mm and multifocality, these HRFs are not recognized until after surgery. Therefore, the chance of completion TT being required following lobectomy might be high. We evaluated the frequency of unrecognized HRFs and how they affected the response to therapy following TT and radioiodine (RAI).

Does microscopically involved margin increase disease recurrence after curative surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Background: The prognostic significance of microscopically involved margin in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) following curative surgery remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of an involved margin and its location (anterior vs. posterior) on disease recurrence.

Impact of microscopic extra-nodal extension (ENE) on locoregional recurrence following curative surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The presence of microscopic extra-nodal extension (ENE) may increase locoregional recurrence (LRR) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We aimed to evaluate the association between microscopic ENE, response to initial therapy and LRR risk following total thyroidectomy, therapeutic neck dissection, and radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation in PTC.

Methods: Of the 369 eligible PTC patients, 264 (71.

Giant cell tumor of the humeral head treated by denosumab: Implication to shoulder surgeons.

Giant cell tumor is a benign bone tumor that is commonly encountered. The optimal treatment of a giant cell tumor which causes extensive bony destruction is controversial. Recent studies on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand antagonist denosumab may offer a new treatment option for these patients.

Assessing the short- and long-term outcomes after resection of benign insulinoma.

Background: Insulinoma is a rare functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (NET) believed to have an excellent long-term outcome, but few studies have solely focused on this issue after apparently curative resection. This study aimed to assess post-operative and long-term outcomes after resection of benign insulinomas.

Methods: From 1998 to 2013, 36 consecutive patients with insulinomas underwent surgery.

Association of exon 19 and 21 EGFR mutation patterns with treatment outcome after first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: This study investigated whether there were differential survival outcomes to first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer harboring different subtypes of exon 19 and exon 21 mutations on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Methods: Of 452 patients with stage IIIB and IV non-small-cell lung cancer, 192 patients (42.5%) harbored EGFR mutation and 170 (37.

Diabetic mastopathy.

Diabetic mastopathy is an uncommon condition found in patients with long-standing diabetic mellitus (DM). Although benign in nature, it can sometimes not be distinguishable from breast carcinoma, and may lead to unnecessary anxiety or intervention. Clinicopathologic features of 10 patients were reviewed in detail.

Asymptomatic grade-2 central chondrosarcoma of the distal femur with non-aggressive radiological features.

This paper discusses the case of a 57-year-old man with an incidental finding of a radiologically non-aggressive chondroid lesion and concomitant osteonecrosis in the left distal femur. The final resected specimen showed a grade-2 chondrosarcoma. This case illustrates that long-term follow-up is necessary for non-aggressive chondroid lesions.

Combined use of 18F-FDG PET/CT, DW-MRI, and DCE-MRI in treatment response for preoperative chemoradiation therapy in locally invasive rectal cancers.

We investigated if 18F-FDG PET/CT, DW-MRI, and DCE-MRI are able to predict preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) response in patients with T3-4 rectal adenocarcinomas. MRI and PET/CT scans were performed within 1 week, at baseline, early midtreatment (2 weeks of CRT), and posttreatment (6 weeks after completing CRT). Responders (n = 4) and nonresponders (n = 4) were defined according to tumor regression grade by histology.