Catalytic cracking of Etek lignin with zirconia supported metal-oxides for alkyl and alkoxy phenols recovery.

Alkyl and alkoxy phenols are desirable products from the catalytic depolymerisation of lignin. In this work, ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of Etek lignin in presence of Na, Ce, NiCe, MgCe, Fe and FePd on ZrO was studied The largest combined yield of monomeric phenolics and alkylphenols was produced by Na/ZrO catalysts. A parametric study of the most promising Na/ZrO then resulted in using a catalyst:lignin ratio of 3:1 at 500 °C as the best option, enhancing at 17.

Nomogram for treatment of astigmatism with laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a mainstay in refractive surgery. Myopes and compound myopic astigmats generally have a good result after LASIK. However, simple myopic astigmats are sometimes not as pleased with their visual outcome.