Blastomas, characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal, epithelial, and undifferentiated blastematous components, are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast cells. This review focuses on digestive system blastomas in adult patients, including gastroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and pancreatoblastoma. Gastroblastoma is a biphasic, epitheliomesenchymal tumor, with only sixteen cases reported to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Gastrointest Endosc
February 2024
Background: A reliable test is essential for diagnosing () infection, and crucial for managing -related diseases. Serving as an excellent method for detecting infection, histologic examination is a test that clinicians heavily rely on, especially when complemented with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, other diagnostic tests for , such as the rapid urease test (CLO test) and stool antigen test (SA), are also highly sensitive and specific.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To describe the longitudinal response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and who underwent liver transplant (LT) using gadoxetate-enhanced MRI.
Methods: Five men (median age 61y, range 57-64y) with 6 HCCs treated with SBRT (median dose 50 Gy) who subsequently underwent LT were included in this retrospective study. Patients underwent gadoxetate-enhanced MRI before and after SBRT over a period of 3-18 months.
J Pathol Transl Med
September 2023
Hepatic small vessel neoplasm (HSVN) is a rare vascular tumor with few reports in the literature. While imaging findings may show characteristic enhancement patterns, limited available literature may not reveal the full potential for image-based diagnosis. Histologically, HSVN mimics other entities, though certain morphologic and immunohistochemical findings provide clues for diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a challenge to the practicing surgical pathologist for several reasons. It is rare in many parts of the world, and thus practical exposure may be limited. Related to the fact of its rarity is the fact that more common tumors which frequently metastasize to the liver can be morphologically indistinguishable (eg, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunotherapy has remained at the vanguard of promising cancer therapeutic regimens due to its exceptionally high specificity for tumor cells and potential for significantly improved treatment-associated quality of life compared to other therapeutic approaches such as surgery and chemoradiation. This is especially true in the digestive system, where high rates of mutation give rise to a host of targetable tumor-specific antigens. Many patients, however, do not exhibit measurable improvements under immunotherapy due to intrinsic or acquired resistance, making predictive biomarkers necessary to determine which patients will benefit from this line of treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChromosomal aneuploidies are prognostic markers across a wide variety of tumor types, and recent literature suggests that pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are no different. In this study 214 patients with grade 1, 2, or 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors had their tissue examined for chromosomal copy number alterations using next-generation sequencing. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed with all-cause mortality and disease-specific mortality as the end comparators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer associated with poor prognosis. The genetic factors conferring predisposition to GEJ adenocarcinoma have yet to be identified.
Methods: We analyzed germline testing results from 23 381 cancer patients undergoing tumor-normal sequencing, of which 312 individuals had GEJ adenocarcinoma.
Pancreatic neoplasms are heterogenous and have traditionally been classified by assessing their lines of cellular differentiation using histopathologic methods, particularly morphologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. These methods frequently identify overlapping differentiation along ductal, acinar, and neuroendocrine lines, raising diagnostic challenges as well as questions regarding the relationship of these neoplasms. Neoplasms with acinar differentiation, in particular, frequently show more than one line of differentiation based on immunolabeling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Gastrointest Surg
May 2021
Several benign conditions such as chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, and paraduodenal pancreatitis can present as mass lesions and may mimic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clinically and radiologically. Thorough histologic examination with attention to certain morphologic features can assist in deciphering neoplastic from reactive, however small biopsies often remain a challenge. Variable histologic patterns in conventional PDAC may also confound the diagnosis of PDAC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: Appendiceal orifice mucosa often appears inflamed endoscopically, even when other colonic segments appear normal. Histological findings in biopsy samples taken from endoscopically abnormal mucosa may simulate a variety of inflammatory colitides. We performed this study to evaluate the clinical implications of inflammatory changes isolated to the appendiceal orifice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext.—: Helicobacter pylori-associated and autoimmune gastritis may coexist in a subset of patients who require treatment for both disorders.
Objective.
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator regulated by autophagy that stimulates colorectal cancer (CRC) progression through activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), represented by tumor budding. The associations between these components in CRC are unknown. Archived surgically resected CRCs with known mismatch repair protein (MMR) status were retrieved (n=81; 2010 to 2016).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCalcifying fibrous pseudotumor, a benign spindle cell tumor, has not been reported previously in the pancreas. Herein, we report a case of pancreatic calcifying fibrous pseudotumor in a 74-year-old female with a history of metastatic breast carcinoma and gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), both confounding the diagnosis and rendering it more challenging. Microscopic examination showed a well-demarcated, paucicellular, densely fibrotic tumor with widespread dystrophic calcifications and sparse, cytologically bland polygonal and spindle cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndoscopic resection techniques, such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), are frequently aided by injection of submucosal lifting solutions that create a plane for dissection and protect deeper mural layers. ORISE™ gel is a recently approved synthetic lifting solution that produces a localized inflammatory reaction associated with retained gel at the injection site. We describe a series of six cases of ORISE™-associated inflammatory lesions in patients who underwent endoscopic resections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Phlebotomy induces regression of liver fibrosis in genetic hemochromatosis. We assessed the histologic changes in pre-phlebotomy and post-phlebotomy liver biopsies from patients with mutation as a model to study regression of fibrosis. We aimed to show that phlebotomy-induced histologic lesions overlap with porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD, also known as idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension), histologically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistopathologic diversity and several distinct histologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are well-recognized. Recent advances in molecular pathology and growing knowledge about the biology associated with distinct histologic features and immuno-profile in HCC allowed pathologists to update classifications. Improving sub-classification will allow for more clinically relevant diagnoses and may allow for stratification into biologically meaningful subgroups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is a member of the B-cell lymphoma 2 family known to play a significant role in the regulation of apoptosis. Mcl-1 expression has been studied in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines but has not been previously evaluated as a prognostic factor in clinical samples.
Materials And Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 119 NSCLC, including 33 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 55 adenocarcinomas (AC), and 31 either pure adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) or AC with lepidic features were immunostained by an automated method with rabbit polyclonal Mcl-1.
Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is a hepatic malignancy of infants and young children, which is often cured by combinations of surgery and chemotherapy. Management of refractory and metastatic HBL is challenging. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on 31 refractory and metastatic HBL using a hybrid-capture, adaptor ligation-based next-generation sequencing assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: Routine application of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited due to lack of standardized scoring criteria, antibody clones, and intratumoral staining heterogeneity. We assessed PD-L1 protein expression on full face CRC tissue sections and applied two algorithms based on the published clinical trials that support the recent FDA approval for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods: PD-L1/CD274 IHC (Roche/Ventana, clone SP142) was performed on representative tumour blocks from 52 mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D) and 52 MMR-proficient (MMR-P) CRCs.