Factors associated with antibiotic resistance and survival analysis of severe pneumonia patients infected with , , and : A retrospective cohort study in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant challenges to global public health and the risk factors in severe pneumonia are constantly growing. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with antimicrobial resistance and conduct survival analysis of severe pneumonia patients with single and multiple pathogens in the National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: A retrospective method was used, and secondary data were collected from severe pneumonia patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from January 2016 to December 2022.

Clinical utility of procalcitonin in implementation of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic stewardship in the South-East Asia and India: evidence and consensus-based recommendations.

Introduction: The South-East Asian (SEA) region and India are highly susceptible to antibiotic resistance, which is caused due to lack of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) knowledge, uncontrolled use of antibiotics, and poor infection control. Nonadherence to national/local guidelines, developed to combat antimicrobial resistance, is a major concern. A virtual advisory board was conducted to understand the current AMS standards and challenges in its implementation in these regions.

Correlation P2Y12 Genetic Polymorphism As Risk Factor of Clopidogrel Resistance in Indonesian Stroke Patients.

Background: Stroke is one of the highest causes of disability and mortality in several countries worldwide. Secondary prevention is important in the management of stroke. Clopidogrel is widely used in Asia as secondary prevention for ischemic stroke, even though several studies in Western show limited data related to clopidogrel resistance in Asia.

Low BALF CD4 T cells count is associated with extubation failure and mortality in critically ill covid-19 pneumonia.

Background: Critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia is one of the main causes of extubation failure and mortality. Understanding clinical characteristics, laboratory profiles and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) immunopathology may help improve outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics, laboratory profiles and BALF immunopathology based on lung severity in critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia patients.

Clopidogrel Resistance Among Ischemic Stroke Patients and Its Risk Factors in Indonesia.

Objective: Clopidogrel is a common antiplatelet used as secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, known to have better efficacy than aspirin, with a equivalent safety profile. However, clopidogrel resistance is not uncommon but has not been widely studied in Asia. This study will further assess clopidogrel resistance and its risk factors.

Rapid Antigen Detection Test for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: How to Use It Properly?

Cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia are still increasing and even higher in the last few weeks. Contact tracing and surveillance are important to locate cases in the community, including asymptomatic individuals. Diagnosis of COVID-19 depends on the detection of viral RNA, viral antigen, or indirectly, viral antibodies.

A rare case of septic arthritis of the knee caused by Salmonella typhi with preexisting typhoid fever in a healthy, immunocompetent child - A case report.

Introduction: Septic arthritis is a rapid and progressive infection caused by invasion of bacteria into the synovial joint. Disease of the joint causedby Salmonella spp in healthy children is an unusual event, with an estimated incidence of 0.1 to 0.

Isolation and identification of serotype 6B from a patient with bacterial meningitis infection in Jakarta, Indonesia.

CNS infection is a life-threatening condition in developing countries and has been reported as the most common cause of bacterial meningitis; however, there is limited data on pneumococcal meningitis in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study aimed to isolate and identity strains from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected as part of routine testing from patients with clinically diagnosed central nervous system infection at a national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2017. isolation and identification were performed using conventional culture and molecular tools.

Clinical Practice Guidelines in Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection 2018: An Indonesian Perspective.

Background: The occurrence of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) remains high despite system improvement in accordance with Joint Commission International because of heterogeneity of management. However, published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) were not feasible to be implemented because these guidelines were not specific to Indonesian characteristics. Thus, a national CPG should be developed to minimize heterogeneity in the management of cIAI in Indonesia.

In Vitro Antibacterial Interaction of Doripenem and Amikacin against Multidrug-Resistant , , and Isolates.

Evaluation of the in vitro interaction of doripenem and amikacin against , , and was done by classifying them into four groups: doripenem and amikacin sensitive (DOR-S/AMK-S), doripenem sensitive and amikacin resistant (DOR-S/AMK-R), doripenem resistant and amikacin sensitive (DOR-R/AMK-S), and both doripenem and amikacin resistant (DOR-R/AMK-R). The MIC of each antibiotic and their combination was obtained using the Etest method. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was calculated to classify the results as synergistic, additive, indifferent, or antagonistic interaction.

Correlation Between Vitreous Advanced Glycation End Products, and D-dimer with Blood HbA1c Levels in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background: proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an advanced form of DR that eventually could lead to blindness. Levels of vitreous advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and D-dimer may reflect the pathological changes in the retina, but only few studies have assessed their correlation with blood hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels. This study aimed to find the association between blood HbA1c levels with vitreous AGEs and D-dimer levels in patients with proliferative DR.

Screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among elective surgery patients in referral hospital in Indonesia.

Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization is associated with serious surgical site infection in high-risk patients. High prevalence of MRSA colonization was reported in many settings, nonetheless local data is required. The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence and risk factor of MRSA nasal carriage in adult patients in National Referral Hospital in Indonesia before underwent elective surgical procedure.

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA).

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is important in the management of intra-abdominal infections and must be broad enough to cover all likely organisms because inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor patient outcomes and the development of bacterial resistance.

Colistin: an antibiotic and its role in multiresistant Gram-negative infections.

Increasing number of infection cases caused by multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria or multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) has become a major problem worldwide since there have been a lot of resistance to many classes of antibiotics. Mutant isolates such as fluoroquinolone-resistant and -lactamase-resistant bacteria have been commonly found, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU). During the last two decades, there has been no study of developing antibiotics in search of discovering new type of antibiotics; meanwhile, the resistance of Gram-negative bacteria or MDRO to antibiotics is increasing.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) biomarker.

The kidney has a remarkable capacity to withstand insults for an extended period of time. The sensitivities of individual renal cells to injury vary depending on their type, position in the nephron, local vascularization, and the nature of injury. The resulting kidney injury is a product of the interplay between cell dysfunction, cell death, proliferation, inflammation, and recovery.