Grandparent Caregivers Lived Experiences and Resource Needs/Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This project examined the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on grandparent caregivers, grandchildren, family dynamics, and resources to mitigate and navigate crises. Phone interviews were conducted with 24 grandparent caregivers using a semi-structured interview guide. Caregivers explained that the pandemic had impacted them and their grandchildren by increasing emotional distress, social isolation, financial difficulties, and challenges with education.

Oxonitrogenated Derivatives of Eremophilans and Eudesmans: Antiproliferative and Anti- Activity.

Cancer is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Solid tumors represent the vast majority of cancers (>90%), and the chemotherapeutic agents used for their treatment are still characterized by variable efficacy and toxicity. Sesquiterpenes are a group of natural compounds that have shown a wide range of biological activities, including cytotoxic and antiparasitic activity, among others.

Patient Satisfaction after Aesthetic Chondrolaryngoplasty.

Background: Patient's pursuing aesthetic surgery often inquire about the success of the procedure. Having objective data for these patients improves preoperative counseling. To assess patient satisfaction after aesthetic chondrolaryngoplasty using specifically developed outcomes assessment instrument and to evaluate the anatomy of the vocalis insertion on the thyroid cartilage and its effect on the extent of surgical resection.

In vivo photoinduced [4 + 2] dimerization of a neo-clerodane diterpene in Baccharis flabellata. ROS and RNS scavenging abilities.

Secondary metabolites play a major role in the adaptation of plants to the environment. Furan neo-clerodane diterpenes are characteristic secondary metabolites in Baccharis flabellata Hook. & Arn.

Assessment of the Insecticidal Potential of the Eupatorium buniifolium Essential Oil Against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). A Chiral Recognition Approach.

In this research, bioactivities toward the Chagas' disease vector Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by the essential oil (EO) of Eupatorium buniifolium H. et A. (Asteraceae) are reported.

Gardenin B-induced cell death in human leukemia cells involves multiple caspases but is independent of the generation of reactive oxygen species.

Flavonoids have attracted great interest due to their possible anticancer activities. Here we investigated the antiproliferative activity of the flavonoids isolated from Baccharis scandens against human leukemia cell lines and found that the methoxyflavonoid gardenin B was the most cytotoxic compound against HL-60 and U-937 cells, showing IC50 values between 1.6 and 3.

Decrease in (Major) Amputations in Diabetics: A Secondary Data Analysis by AOK Rheinland/Hamburg.

Aim: In two German regions with 11.1 million inhabitants, 6 networks for specialized treatment of DFS were implemented until 2008. Data provided for accounting purposes was analysed in order to determine changes in the rate of diabetics requiring amputations in the years before and after the implementation.

An abietane diterpene from Salvia cuspidata and some new derivatives are active against Trypanosoma cruzi.

The Plant Kingdom is an excellent source for obtaining natural compounds with antiprotozoal activity. In the present work, we studied the effect of the diterpene 12-hydroxy-11,14-diketo-6,8,12-abietatrien-19,20-olide (HABTO) obtained from the aerial parts of Salvia cuspidata on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. This compound was found to inhibit parasite growth even at low concentrations (IC50 5 μg/mL) and with low toxicity on mammalian cells.

The in vivo trypanocidal effect of the diterpene 5-epi-icetexone obtained from Salvia gilliesii.

The search for new compounds with trypanocidal activity is crucial for the treatment of Chagas' disease. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the diterpene 5-epi-icetexone (ICTX) is active against Trypanosoma cruzi. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of ICTX on the parasites in infected mice, in an experimental model that mimics the acute phase of the disease.

A new iridoid, verbascoside and derivatives with inhibitory activity against Taq DNA polymerase.

DNA polymerases are enzymes that play a crucial role in DNA metabolism such as replication, repair, transcription, recombination, and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Herein we report the isolation of a new iridoid (6-epi-catalpol, 2) and per-O-acetyl-verbascoside (11) from aerial part of Buddleja cordobensis Grisebach (Buddlejaceae). From compound 2, we have obtained eight compounds by chemical transformation.

Mass spectrometry studies of lycodine-type Lycopodium alkaloids: sauroxine and N-demethylsauroxine.

Rationale: Sauroxine and N-demethylsauroxine are lycodine-type Lycopodium alkaloids. In recent years, Lycopodium alkaloids have gained significant interest due to their unique skeletal characteristics as well as due to their acetylcholinesterase activity. It is known that drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase can be used to treat the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

Chemistry and biological activity of coumarins at molecular level.

Synthetic coumarins were prepared in high yields using ionic liquids as an environmental friendly alternative. 3,4-Dimethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (3ab) and 3-isopropyl-4-methyl-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin (3bc) showed interesting activity against Taq DNA polymerase with IC50 values of 115.7 microM and 82.

A new semisynthetic derivative of sauroine induces LTP in hippocampal slices and improves learning performance in the Morris Water Maze.

Two semisynthetic acetyl derivatives of the alkaloid sauroine from Huperzia saururus, monoacetyl sauroine, and diacetyl sauroine (DAS) were obtained and their chemical structures were analyzed by NMR. While monoacetyl sauroine is the typical product of acetylation, DAS is an unexpected derivative related to the keto-enol formation of sauroine. Recordings of field excitatory post-synaptic potentials from the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices showed that only DAS acutely applied induced chemical long-term potentiation (LTP) in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 1.

What an otolaryngologist should know about evaluation of a child referred for delay in speech development.

Importance: Otolaryngologists are asked to evaluate children who a parent, physician, or someone else believes is slow in developing speech. Therefore, an otolaryngologist should be familiar with milestones for normal speech development, the causes of delay in speech development, and the best ways to help assure that children develop the ability to speak in a normal way.

Objective: To provide information for otolaryngologists that is helpful in the evaluation and management of children perceived to be delayed in developing speech.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Dihydroxylated Chalcones in Binary and Ternary Combinations with Nalidixic Acid and Nalidix Acid-Rutin Against Escherichia coli ATCC 25 922.

In order to determine the existence of synergism, the bacteriostatic action of flavonoids against Escherichia coli ATCC 25 922 between dihydroxylated chalcones and a clinically interesting conventional antibiotic, binary combinations of 2',3-dihydroxychalcone, 2',4-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone with nalidixic acid and its ternary combinations with rutin (inactive flavonoid) were assayed against this Gram negative bacterium. Using a kinetic-turbidimetric method, growth kinetics were monitored in broths containing variable amounts of dihydroxychalcone alone, combinations of dihydroxychalcone variable concentration-nalidixic acid constant concentration and dihydroxychalcone variable concentration-nalidixic acid constant concentration-rutin constant concentration, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of dihydroxychalcones alone and its binary and ternary combinations were evaluated.

Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones Induce Oxidative Stress in Leishmania mexicana.

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide parasitic disease, caused by monoflagellate parasites of the genus Leishmania. In the search for more effective agents against these parasites, the identification of molecular targets has been attempted to ensure the efficiency of drugs and to avoid collateral damages on the host's cells. In this work, we have investigated some of the mechanisms of action of a group of natural sesquiterpene lactones that are effective against Leishmania mexicana mexicana promastigotes.

Derivatives of grindelic acid: from a non-active natural diterpene to synthetic antitumor derivatives.

Using several reactions that include homologations and asymmetric epoxidations as well as Ugi and Huisgen couplings, we generated a small focused library of new derivatives from the labdane-type diterpene grindelic acid. These compounds were evaluated as cytotoxic agents against a panel of five human solid tumor cell lines (HBL-100, HeLa, SW1573, T-47D, and WiDr). The presence of the diamide functionalizations enhanced the cytotoxic effect.

Larvicidal activity of crude extracts from Larrea cuneifolia (Zygophyllaceae) and of its metabolite nordihydroguaiaretic acid against the vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to analyze the larvicidal activity of different crude extracts of Larrea cuneifolia and its most abundant lignan, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), against Culex quinquefasciatus.

Methods: Chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts from L. cuneifolia and NDGA were tested against larvae of Cx.

Inhibition of Taq DNA polymerase by iridoid aglycone derivates.

Faithful replication of DNA molecules by DNA polymerases is essential for genome integrity and correct transmission of genetic information in all living organisms. DNA polymerases have recently emerged as important cellular targets for chemical intervention in the development of anti--cancer agents. Herein we report additional synthesis of simplified bicyclic aglycones of iridoids and their biological activity against Taq DNA polymerase with the object to find out some of the likely molecular targets implicated in the biological activity showed for this kind of compounds.

Cytotoxic bioactivity of some phenylpropanoic acid derivatives.

In this study, we synthesized a series of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives based on modifications at four selected points of the molecular scaffold. The in vitro antiproliferative activities of the compounds were examined in representative human solid tumor cell lines. A SAR was established pointing out the relevance of the substituents.

Sesquiterpene lactones and the diterpene 5-epi-icetexone affect the intracellular and extracellular stages of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Chagas disease is a major health problem in Latin America and is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Although many drugs have been used to alleviate the disease, these have been ineffective in the chronic phase and have also presented numerous side effects on patients. In this study we tested the effect of three sesquiterpene lactones (dehydroleucodine, helenalin and mexicanin) and a diterpene (5-epi-icetexone) on parasites (Y-strain) grown in host cells.

Activation of human leukemic mast cell line LAD2 is modulated by dehydroleucodine and xanthatin.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether dehydroleucodine, xanthatin and 3-benzyloxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one inhibit the activation of human leukemic LAD2 mast cells induced by compound 48/80 or the calcium ionophore A23187. LAD2 cells were preincubated in the presence of test drugs and then challenged with the secretagogues. This study provides the first evidence in favor of the view that dehydroleucodine and xanthatin inhibit the degranulation of LAD2 cells, thus acting as human mast cell stabilizers.

The effect of the diterpene 5-epi-icetexone on the cell cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Numerous natural compounds have been used against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease. Here, we studied the effect of the diterpene 5-epi-icetexone on growth and morphology of parasites synchronized with hydroxyurea, at different periods of time after removal of the nucleotide. We observed that the diterpene does not affect the growth of the parasites when added within 10 h after removal of hydroxyurea, but the compound was effective on growth when added to the cultures after 12 h.