Foreign Contaminants Target Brain Health.

Neurodisease, caused by undesired substances, can lead to mental health conditions like depression, anxiety and neurocognitive problems like dementia. These substances can be referred to as contaminants that can cause damage, corruption, and infection or reduce brain functionality. Contaminants, whether conceptual or physical, have the ability to disrupt many processes.

Importance of Computer-Aided Drug Design in Modern Pharmaceutical Research.

Background: Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) approaches are essential in the drug discovery and development process. Both academic institutions and pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporations utilize them to enhance the efficacy of bioactive compounds.

Objective: This study aims to entice researchers by investigating the benefits of Computer-Aided Drug and Design (CADD) and its fundamental principles.

Updating the no-history method in intraocular lens power calculation after myopic laser vision correction.

Purpose: To describe the Shammas-Cooke formula, an updated no-history (NH) formula for IOL calculation in eyes with prior myopic laser vision correction (M-LVC), and to compare the results with the Shammas PL, Haigis-L, and Barrett True-K NH formulas.

Setting: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (BPEI), The Lennar Foundation Medical Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Dean A. McGee Eye Institute (DMEI), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and private practice, Lynwood, California, and St Joseph, Michigan.

Modulation of galectin-9 mediated responses in monocytes and T-cells by pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1.

Successful pregnancy relies on a coordinated interplay between endocrine, immune, and metabolic processes to sustain fetal growth and development. The orchestration of these processes involves multiple signaling pathways driving cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune regulation necessary for a healthy pregnancy. Among the molecules supporting placental development and maternal tolerance, the families of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins and galectins are of great interest in reproductive biology.

Protective effect of rutin on acrylamide induced ovarian inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and hormonal changes: Based on in silico and in vivo study.

Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic compound that affects people due to its frequent use in laboratories and industry as well as the high-temperature cooking of foods with high hydrocarbon content. AA is known to cause severe reproductive abnormalities. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of rutin (RU), a phytoactive compound, against AA-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats.

Chromenone: An emerging scaffold in anti-Alzheimer drug discovery.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a growing global health concern. In recent decades, natural and synthetic chromenone have emerged as promising drug candidates due to their multi-target potential. Natural chromenone, quercetin, scopoletin, esculetin, coumestrol, umbelliferone, bergapten, and methoxsalen (xanthotoxin), and synthetic chromenone hybrids comprising structures like acridine, 4-aminophenyl, 3-arylcoumarins, quinoline, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, and tacrine, have been explored for their potential to combat AD.

The recent update and advancements of natural products in targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway for cancer prevention and therapeutics.

The Wnt/β-Catenin pathway (Wnt/β-CatP) is implicated in accelerating carcinogenesis and cancer progression, contributing to increased morbidity and treatment resistance. Even though it holds promise as a focus for cancer treatment, its intricate nature and diverse physiological effects pose significant challenges. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in this domain, with numerous natural products demonstrating promising preclinical anti-tumor effects and identified as inhibitors of the Wnt/β-CatP through various upstream and downstream mechanisms.

Clinical Outcomes in Traumatic Penetrating Keratoplasty Graft Dehiscence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report clinical characteristics and outcomes of surgical repair for patients with traumatic dehiscence of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) grafts.

Methods: Retrospective, consecutive chart review of patients evaluated at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 2015 and 2020 with traumatic dehiscence of penetrating keratoplasty grafts.

Results: The study cohort consisted of 65 eyes of 65 patients.

Comparison of Legacy and New No-History IOL Power Calculation Formulas in Postmyopic Laser Vision Correction Eyes.

Purpose: To compare the refractive accuracy of legacy and new no-history formulas in eyes with previous myopic laser vision correction (M-LVC).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Setting: Two academic centers Study Population: 576 eyes (400 patients) with previous M-LVC that underwent cataract surgery between 2019-2023.

The hidden threat: Environmental toxins and their effects on gut microbiota.

The human gut microbiota (GM), which consists of a complex and diverse ecosystem of bacteria, plays a vital role in overall wellness. However, the delicate balance of this intricate system is being compromised by the widespread presence of environmental toxins. The intricate connection between contaminants in the environment and human well-being has garnered significant attention in recent times.

Harnessing the druggability at orthosteric and allosteric sites of PD-1 for small molecule discovery by an integrated in silico pipeline.

The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is a promising target for small molecule inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy, but targeting this interface has been challenging. While efforts have been made to identify compounds that target the orthosteric sites, no reports have explored the potential of small molecules to target the allosteric region of PD-1. Therefore, our study aims to establish a pipeline to identify small molecules that can effectively bind to either the orthosteric or allosteric pockets of PD-1.

Multifaceted role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway in human health and disease.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and migration, to maintain cellular homeostasis. The mTOR signaling cascade consists of two distinct multi-subunit complexes named mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of several critical proteins like AKT, protein kinase C, insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), transcription factor EB (TFEB), sterol-responsive element-binding proteins (SREBPs), Lipin-1, and Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinases.

Infectious and Noninfectious Corneal Ulcers in Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, microbiological profile, and therapeutic outcomes of corneal ulcers in individuals with chronic ocular graft-vs-host disease (coGVHD).

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: Review of individuals diagnosed with coGVHD following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) who were seen at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between May 2010 and November 2021.

Intraocular Lens Power Calculations in Keratoconus Eyes Comparing Keratometry, Total Keratometry, and Newer Formulae.

Purpose: To compare the utility of keratometry vs total keratometry (TK) for intraocular lens power calculations in eyes with keratoconus (KCN) using KCN and non-KCN formulae.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: This study was conducted at 2 academic centers and included 87 eyes in 67 patients who underwent cataract surgery between 2019 and 2021.

Metal-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites as promising frontier in cancer chemotherapy.

Cancer is a disease associated with complex pathology and one of the most prevalent and leading reasons for mortality in the world. Current chemotherapy has challenges with cytotoxicity, selectivity, multidrug resistance, and the formation of stemlike cells. Nanomaterials (NMs) have unique properties that make them useful for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cancer research.

The relationship between dietary patterns and ophthalmic disease.

Purpose Of Review: There is a rising interest in the impact of diet on the pathogenesis of common ophthalmic conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential preventive and therapeutic power of dietary interventions described in recent basic science and epidemiological literature.

Recent Findings: Basic science investigations have elucidated a variety of mechanisms by which diet may impact ophthalmic disease, particularly through its action on chronic oxidative stress, inflammation and macular pigmentation.

Study of Relationship Between Iron Deficiency and Thyroid Function in Pregnant Females.

Background: Iron is essential for the normal functioning of thyroid peroxidase and iron deficiency is very commonly encountered during pregnancy. Thyroid disorders and iron deficiency are associated with obstetrical and fetal complications. The aim of the study was to find out the relationship between iron deficiency and thyroid function in pregnant females during first trimester.

Design and evaluation of sustained release mucoadhesive film of sumatriptan succinate containing grafted co-polymer as the platform.

Purpose: The primary goal of this research is to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Sumatriptan succinate by incorporating it in the mucoadhesive film for the treatment of migraine. Mucoadhesive film offers an excellent substitute to deliver the drug in the systemic circulation and eliminate the chance of first-pass metabolism.

Method: Using central composite design (CCD), various formulations were created by incorporating polymer, plasticizer, and water, and an optimized preparation was created using statistical screening.

Stability Indicating Assay Method for the Quantitative Determination of Olaparib in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form.

Objectives: Olaparib is an orally active poly (ADP-ribose) PARP (polymerases) inhibitor known to destroy cancer cells with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency. An authentic, fast, distinct, and reliable reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and promptly validated in tablet formulations for olaparib estimation.

Materials And Methods: The proposed method focuses on the separation of olaparib in reverse phase mode using a Waters symmetry C18 (150 x 4.

Outcomes of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Keratitis After Clear Corneal Incision Phacoemulsification Surgery: A Case Series of 6 Eyes in South Florida.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present the successful management and outcomes in a series of 6 cases of culture-positive nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after clear corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods: This is a case series of 6 consecutive eyes that presented at the Cornea Division at an academic institution, diagnosed with culture-positive nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after phacoemulsification surgery.

Results: Six eyes of 5 patients were included.

Quinoline-derivatives as privileged scaffolds for medicinal and pharmaceutical chemists: A comprehensive review.

The quinoline scaffolds are privileged for their numerous biological activities in the pharmaceutical field. This moiety constitutes a well-known space in several marketed preparations. The quinoline scaffolds gained attention in modern days being an important chemical moiety in the identification, designing, and synthesis of novel potent derivatives.