The most common congenital malformations in dogs: Literature review and practical guide.

Congenital malformations can affect almost 7% of canine newborns. The increase of commercial dog breeding and inbreeding used to maintain the striking characteristics of each breed, the appearance of malformations has become increasingly common, especially in brachycephalic dogs. The causes are diverse, and include genetic, nutritional, iatrogenic, and infectious factors, often making it difficult to establish a cause-consequence relationship.

The importance of the intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs in the neonatal period.

The neonatal period represents a critical stage for the establishment and development of the gut microbiota, which profoundly influences the future health trajectory of individuals. This review examines the importance of intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs, aiming to elucidate the distinct characteristics and variations in the composition between these two species. In humans, the intestinal microbiota contributes to several crucial physiological processes, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immune system development, and modulation of host metabolism.

True vaginal prolapse associated with retroflection of the urinary bladder in a bitch.

True vaginal prolapse is rare in bitches and is most likely to occur near whelping. A 2-year-old intact female Brazilian mastiff, 39.5 kg, had a true vaginal prolapse associated with urinary bladder retroflection; the female was in estrus, and concomitantly had diarrhea for 3 d, plus vaginal hyperplasia, and ultimately a vaginal prolapse.

Congenital malformations in brachycephalic dogs: A retrospective study.

The popularity of brachycephalic dogs has increased in recent years due to their docile temperament and peculiar features. The historical inbreeding and consequent lack of genetic diversity involved in the development of these breeds led to an increase in the manifestation of deleterious genes that may lead to malformations. In addition, there are serious health issues intrinsic to the conformation, mainly attributed to these extreme characteristics.

Influence of Vitrification Device, Warming Protocol, and Subsequent Culture on Structural Integrity of Testicular Fragments from Adult Domestic Cats.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the integrity of cat testicular tissues after vitrification with different devices followed by different warming conditions. The influence of culture for 24 hours after warming also was examined. Testicular tissues from adult domestic cats were dissected in small fragments that were vitrified using Cryotop or threaded on fine needles, warmed (directly at 37°C or with a preliminary 10 seconds exposure to 50°C), and/or cultured for an additional 24 hours.

Identification of hepatic progenitor cells in the canine fetal liver.

The liver plays essential roles in human and animal organisms, such as the storage, release, metabolism, and elimination of various endogenous or exogenous substances. Although its vital importance, few treatments are yet available when a hepatic failure occurs, and hence, the use of stem cells has arisen as a possible solution for both human and veterinary medicines. Previous studies have shown the existence of hepatic progenitor cells in human fetuses that were positive for EpCAM and NCAM.

"Immunolocalization and effect of low concentrations of Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the canine ovary".

Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian function. Despite its extensive study in several species, there is a paucity of information about IGF-1`s function and localization in the canine ovary. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of IGF-1 on oocyte nuclear maturation and to immunolocalize the IGF-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R) in the ovary.

Effect of cryopreservation on sperm DNA fragmentation and apoptosis rates in the testicular tissue of domestic cats.

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the damage caused by cryopreservation on sperm DNA and estimate the percentage of cell apoptosis in tissue after thawing. Testicles of cats were sectioned into of 0.3 cm and 0.

Cat epididymal semen cryopreserved with and without vitamin E: effect on sperm parameters and lipid peroxidation.

The aims of this study were to investigate: 1) if the addition of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in three concentrations (0.3, 0.6 and 0.

Vitrification of cat ovarian tissue: Does fragment size matters?

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the size of the ovarian fragment influences its resistance to cryostorage. For that purpose, ovaries were collected from 34 queens (various breeds, age 1-5 year) by routine ovariectomy, transported to the laboratory and then sectioned in different sizes (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm, 5 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm and 7 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) and randomly assigned to a control (GC3, GC5 and GC7, respectively) or vitrified (GV3, GV5 and GV7, respectively) groups. Vitrified-warmed fragments were evaluated by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry (for apoptotic rates by using cleaved caspase-3).

Evaluation of different fragment sizes and cryoprotectants for cryopreservation of feline testicular tissues.

This study aimed to evaluate tissue damage of feline testicles sectioned in two different sizes (0.3 or 0.5 cm ) and submitted to different cryoprotectants (propanediol or glycerol).

Video-assisted ovariohysterectomy in domestic cats (Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758) using two access portals.

To describe video-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OHE) with two portals access in adult intact queens. METHODS Fifty-two females cats were used. A 4 mm cannula was positioned in the abdomen through an incision close to the umbilicus (first portal), and a pneumoperitoneum was established.

Molecular Expression Profile Reveals Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Canine Endometrial Lesions.

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH), mucometra, and pyometra are common uterine diseases in intact dogs, with pyometra being a life threatening disease. This study aimed to determine the gene expression profile of these lesions and potential biomarkers for closed-cervix pyometra, the most severe condition. Total RNA was extracted from 69 fresh endometrium samples collected from 21 healthy female dogs during diestrus, 16 CEH, 15 mucometra and 17 pyometra (eight open and nine closed-cervixes).

Frequencies of virulence genes and pulse field gel electrophoresis fingerprints in Escherichia coli isolates from canine pyometra.

Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial agent isolated from canine pyometra. The frequencies of 24 virulence genes and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were determined for 23 E. coli isolates from cases of canine pyometra in Brazil.

The effect of offering an energy and protein supplement to grazing Canchim beef cows either postpartum or both pre- and postpartum on lipid blood metabolites and folliculogenesis.

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nutritional supplementation offered during the pre- and postpartum periods on serum cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipids of Canchim beef cows and their relationship with folliculogenesis. Thirty cows with predicted calving date between September and October, kept in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú together with their calves, were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: the first received only a mineral mixture (Control Group, CG); the second group received a concentrate with 16%crude protein/kg dry matter (DM) and 3000 kcal digestible energy/kg DM offered for 45 days prepartum and 120 days postpartum (PREG); the third group received the concentrate from parturition until the 120th day postpartum (POSG).

[Inquiry of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in dairy cattle, dogs and rural workers of the south-west region of Mato Grosso State].

Considering the importance of neosporosis in the animal health and production, the frequency of antibodies to Neospora caninum was evaluated in dairy cattle of the Southwestern region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, in addition to serum samples obtained from dogs and humans living in the farms. A total of 1036 serum samples were analyzed, from which 932 were from dairy bovine females, 37 from dogs and 67 from humans, from 24 farms and examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Reactive human serum samples were retested by Western- blotting to confirm the results.

Experimental infection of pregnant queens with two major Brazilian clonal lineages of Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii isolates from Brazil are biologically and genetically different from European and North America isolates. Recently, four genotypes were considered the common clonal lineages in Brazil and were designated as types BrI, BrII, BrIII, and BrIV. The pathogenicity of two major Brazilian lineages was investigated after oral inoculation of queens in the middle third of their pregnancies with T.

Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dairy cattle, dogs, and humans from the Jauru micro-region, Mato Grosso state, Brazil.

In order to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, 2000 serum samples from female dairy cattle belonging to 50 farms in the southwest of Mato Grosso state were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT> or =64). Serum samples from 61 dogs (IFAT> or =40) and 116 humans (IFAT=40), all from the same farm, were also tested. Among these samples, 1420 (71.

Transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in reinfected pregnant female canines.

Twelve pregnant female canines, naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii, were reinfected with T. gondii: three (GI) received tachyzoites subcutaneously (1.0 x 107), three (GII) were orally inoculated with oocysts (1.

Anovulvar cleft and vaginal prolapse-hyperplasia in a bitch.

This report presents the case of a nine-month-old bitch with incomplete occlusion of the skin and mucosa between the anus and dorsal commissure of the vulva. This anomaly, known as anovulvar cleft, was associated with a vaginal prolapse-hyperplasia. Anovulvar cleft is a rare condition in bitches and is caused by incomplete closure of the dorsal urogenital folds.

Intraabdominal torsion of a neoplastic testicle and prostatic cyst in a cryptorchid dog.

The present report describes a case of a nine-year old male bilaterally cryptorchid boxer presented with testicular torsion and concurrent prostatic cyst. Clinical signs included anorexia, locomotor difficulty and apathy. Abdominal palpation revealed the presence of a hard and painful mass in caudal abdomen.

Experimental toxoplasmosis in pregnant bitches.

Three Toxoplasma gondii free bitches (No. 3-5) were fed 15000 sporulated T. gondii oocysts at 56, 40 and 32 day of gestation and the outcome of the pregnancy was monitored.