Examining early adherence measures as predictors of subsequent adherence in an intensive longitudinal study of individuals in mutual help groups: One day at a time.

Background: Individuals with a substance use disorder complete ecological momentary assessments (EMA) at lower rates than community samples. Previous research in tobacco users indicates that early log-in counts to smoking cessation websites predicted subsequent smoking cessation website usage. We extended this line of research to examine individuals who are seeking to change their drinking behaviors through mutual support groups.

Relative and Interactive Associations of Psychosocial Intervention and Alcoholics Anonymous Attendance With Alcohol Use Disorder Outcomes.

Objective: Psychosocial intervention and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/mutual help organization attendance are both associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) outcomes. However, no research has explored the relative or interactive associations of psychosocial intervention and AA attendance with AUD outcomes.

Method: This was a secondary analysis of data from the Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity) outpatient arm participants ( = 952), who were randomly assigned to complete 12-session cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT, = 301), 12-session 12-step facilitation (TSF, = 335), or 4-session motivational enhancement therapy (MET, = 316).

A randomized pilot trial of brief family-involved treatment for alcohol use disorder: Treatment engagement and outcomes.

Objective: Involving family members in a patient's treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) leads to more positive outcomes, but evidence-based family-involved treatments have not been adopted widely in AUD treatment programs. Study aims the following: (a) modify an empirically supported 12-session AUD treatment, alcohol behavioral couple therapy (ABCT) to make it shorter and appropriate for any concerned family member and (b) conduct a small clinical trial to obtain feasibility data and effect size estimates of treatment efficacy.

Method: ABCT content was adapted to three-sessions following input from clinicians, patients, and family members.

Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Although classic psychedelic medications have shown promise in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD), the efficacy of psilocybin remains unknown.

Objective: To evaluate whether 2 administrations of high-dose psilocybin improve the percentage of heavy drinking days in patients with AUD undergoing psychotherapy relative to outcomes observed with active placebo medication and psychotherapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, participants were offered 12 weeks of manualized psychotherapy and were randomly assigned to receive psilocybin vs diphenhydramine during 2 day-long medication sessions at weeks 4 and 8.

Prenatal maternal posttraumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for adverse birth weight and gestational age outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although not routinely assessed, prenatal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with poor maternal mental health and mother-infant bonding. Prenatal PTSD may also be associated with birth weight and gestational age outcomes, but this remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association of prenatal PTSD with risk of low birth weight (LBW) or preterm birth (PTB) (dichotomous medically-defined cut-offs) or with birth weight (BW) or gestational age (GA) (continuous variables).

The Validity of the Short Inventory of Problems and Drinking Intensity among Urban American Indian Adults.

Background: American Indian (AI) adults have both high prevalence rates of alcohol abstinence and alcohol use disorders compared to non-Hispanic White adults. We investigated the applicability and validity of the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP) among AI urban adults and the moderating effect of biological sex.

Methods: AI adults from three Alcoholics Anonymous samples ( = 124) provided baseline, 3-, 6- and 9-month data.

Aligning three substance use disorder interventions among a tribe in the Southwest United States: Pilot feasibility for cultural re-centering, dissemination, and implementation.

In this article we describe cultural re-centering, dissemination, and implementation activities in partnership between an American Indian reservation community and a university in the Southwest United States. We offer examples of cultural adaptation and implementation of evidence-based treatments (e.g.

Can Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder Sustain Non-abstinent Recovery? Non-abstinent Outcomes 10 Years After Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment.

Objective: Four decades ago, the "controlled drinking" controversy roiled the alcohol field. Data have subsequently accumulated indicating that nonabstinent alcohol use disorder (AUD) recovery is achievable, but questions remain whether it is sustainable long-term. This study examined whether nonabstinent recovery at 3 years after AUD treatment is associated with better functioning at 10 years after treatment.

The Relationship Between Perceived Alcoholics Anonymous Social Group Dynamics and Getting an AA Sponsor.

Research has shown that aspects of group dynamics of AA meetings are associated with AA attendance, alcohol use, and engagement in prescribed AA behaviors. This study investigated whether perceptions of AA meeting group dynamics changed over 12-months and whether these dynamics predicted the probability that a new member would get a sponsor. Results showed that perceptions of the group dynamics of AA meetings did not change over the 12-month assessment period.

The search for mechanisms of cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol or other drug use disorders: A systematic review.

Unlabelled: The emphasis in addictions research has shifted toward a greater interest in identifying the mechanisms involved in patient behavior change. This systematic review investigated nearly 30 years of mediation research on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for alcohol or other drug use disorders (AUD/SUD).

Method: Study inclusion criteria targeted analyses occurring in the context of a randomized clinical trial where both intervention/intervention ingredient to mediator (a path) and mediator to outcome (b path) paths were reported.

Urban American Indian Adult Participation and Outcomes in Culturally Adapted and Mainstream Alcoholics Anonymous Meetings.

Very little is known about American Indian (AI) adults' participation in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) despite their elevated rates of negative sequelae due to heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders. This study sought to fill that gap and examined the engagement in AA by urban Southwest AI (S-AI) adult problem drinkers and whether enculturation and acculturation accounted for type of AA attended (mainstream versus culturally adapted AA; CA-AA). Additionally, we compared three and six-month drinking outcomes of urban S-AI adults by type of meeting attended.

A meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol or other drug use disorders: Treatment efficacy by contrast condition.

Objective: This meta-analysis examined 30 randomized controlled trials (32 study sites; 35 study arms) that tested the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for alcohol or other drug use disorders. The study aim was to provide estimates of efficacy against three levels of experimental contrast (i.e.

Technology-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Use: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has long-standing evidence for efficacy in the treatment of alcohol use, yet implementation in clinical practice has been challenging. Delivery of CBT through technology-based platforms, such as web-based programs and mobile applications, has the potential to provide widespread access to this evidence-based intervention. While there have been reviews indicating the efficacy of technology-based delivery of CBT for various psychiatric conditions, none have focused on efficacy for alcohol use.

Stroop-related cerebellar and temporal activation is correlated with negative affect and alcohol use disorder severity.

Impairment in cognitive control in alcohol use disorder (AUD) contributes to difficulty controlling alcohol use and, in many populations, difficulties with emotion regulation. However, the most reliable and robust marker of clinically-relevant deficits in cognitive control in AUD is unclear. Our aims were to measure relationships between BOLD signal during a Stroop task and AUD severity and change in BOLD signal and change in drinking over three weeks.

Alcohol Behavioral Couple Therapy: In-session behavior, active ingredients and mechanisms of behavior change.

Objective: Alcohol Behavioral Couple Therapy (ABCT) is an efficacious alcohol treatment. The purpose of the study was to describe patient and partner language and therapist behavior during therapy sessions and test a proposed causal model linking active ingredients of ABCT as measured by therapist behaviors, hypothesized mechanisms of behavior change as measured by in-session patient and partner language, and alcohol use outcomes.

Method: Data came from couples in four ABCT clinical trials (N = 188; 86 males, 102 females, and their partners).

More than Taking a Chair: The Perceived Group Social Dynamics of Alcoholics Anonymous Related to Changes in Spiritual Practices.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meeting attendance and spiritual practices are established predictors of abstinence. This study utilized longitudinal data from two studies of AA to investigate 1) how perceived within meeting social dynamics in AA meetings affect later AA attendance, and thus exposure to the emphasis of spiritual practices and 2) influence the extent that spiritual gains are mobilized, beyond AA attendance. Findings revealed that greater group cohesion was associated with lower AA attrition, and that expressiveness, or openness, of the group predicted reported practice of spiritual behaviors.

: A preliminary meta-analysis of client change and sustain talk subtypes in motivational interviewing.

This meta-analysis examines the predictive validity of client change language subtypes in motivational interviewing (MI) sessions addressing addictive behavior change. A systematic review identified = 13 primary studies, contributing 16 MI conditions (1556). The pooled correlation coefficient was used to assess the significance, direction, and strength of seven language subtypes (i.

AA attendance and abstinence for dually diagnosed patients: a meta-analytic review.

Background And Aims: There is consensus that best clinical practice for dual diagnosis (DD) is integrated mental health and substance use treatment augmented with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance. This is the first quantitative review of the direction and magnitude of the association between AA attendance and alcohol abstinence for DD patients.

Method: A systematic literature search (1993-2017) identified 22 studies yielding 24 effect sizes that met our inclusion criteria (8075 patients).

A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Trial of Prazosin for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder.

Objectives: The noradrenergic system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Medications in this class may reduce drinking. Our aims were to investigate this in a unique sample of individuals with AUD.

Low rates of alcohol and tobacco use, strong cultural ties for Native American college students in the Southwest.

Introduction: College attendance is associated with an increased risk for substance use yet we know little about substance use among Native American college students and its regional variation. This study examined alcohol, tobacco, and drug use and their relation to gender, institution, age, and cultural involvement among Native American college students in the Southwest.

Methods: Native American community college and university students in a large Southwest city (N = 347) completed an online survey about past-month and lifetime substance use and involvement in cultural activities.

A meta-analysis of motivational interviewing process: Technical, relational, and conditional process models of change.

Objective: In the present meta-analysis, we test the technical and relational hypotheses of Motivational Interviewing (MI) efficacy. We also propose an a priori conditional process model where heterogeneity of technical path effect sizes should be explained by interpersonal/relational (i.e.

Alcoholics Anonymous-Related Benefit for Urban Native Americans: Does Urban Native American Gender Moderate AA Engagement and Outcomes?

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is one of the most commonly accessed resources for individuals seeking to reduce their drinking. How urban Native Americans fare in AA is only beginning to be investigated in spite of circumstantial evidence suggesting that a majority of treatment-seeking urban Native Americans will receive 12-step treatment. Even less is known about Native American gender differences with regard to AA-related benefit.

Simulating drinking in social networks to inform alcohol prevention and treatment efforts.

Adolescent drinking influences, and is influenced by, peer alcohol use. Several efficacious adolescent alcohol interventions include elements aimed at reducing susceptibility to peer influence. Modeling these interventions within dynamically changing social networks may improve our understanding of how such interventions work and for whom they work best.

Does Age Moderate the Effect of Spirituality/Religiousness in Accounting for Alcoholics Anonymous Benefit?

Objective: Gains in spiritual/religious (S/R) practices among Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members are associated with reductions in drinking. This study had the following aims: (a) examine spirituality/religiousness as a mediator of the relationship between AA attendance and reductions in drinking behavior to replicate past research findings and to (b) examine age-cohort as a moderator of the mediational analyses given that empirical evidence (e.g.