Primary prevention.

HIV infection is still not controlled in Spain. New HIV infection prevention strategies are required, especially in populations of higher incidence, by means of combined interventions. Early diagnosis and treatment of HIV-infected individuals is the most cost-effective strategy to control the epidemic, including interventions designed to motivate behavioural changes.

Burden of HIV infection, vulnerable populations and access barriers to healthcare.

In Spain, HIV incidence has remained stable and higher than the European average since 2000 due to insuf-ficient prevention measures. An estimated 130,000-160,000 people are believed to be living with HIV in Spain, including 18% who do not know they are infected, and half are late diagnoses, with a poorer clinical course, lower quality of life and life expectancy, as well as higher costs. Late diagnosis is more common in heterosexuals, intravenous drug users, people over 50 years of age and immigrants, whereas men who have sex with men are the only group where the rate of new diagnoses is increasing.

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Spain: political and administrative situation.

This study focuses on actions at the political and administrative level in Spain in relation to the implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We analysed a whole range of different formal initiatives taken by the political and administrative actors involved. The information was obtained from official public data sources.