Hypoxemia and its clinical predictors among children with respiratory distress admitted to the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Introduction: Hypoxemia is a common complication of childhood respiratory tract infections and non-respiratory infections. Hypoxemic children have a five-fold increased risk of death compared to children without hypoxemia. In addition, there is limited evidence about hypoxemia and clinical predictors in Ethiopia.

Vitamin K insufficiency and the prophylaxis strategy in term healthy infants: A multicentre study.

Background/aim: Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) during early infancy is a serious problem worldwide. Vitamin K (VK) deficiency commonly occurs in newborns who are exclusively breastfed. Protein Induced by VK Absence (PIVKA-II) has been identified as an early indicator of subclinical VK deficiency in neonates, surpassing prothrombin time.

Fabrication of FeO core-TiO/mesoSiO and FeO core-mesoSiO/TiO Double Shell Nanoparticles for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Kinetic, Isotherms and Thermodynamic Characterization.

Herein, FeO core-TiO/mesoSiO and FeO core-mesoSiO/TiO double shell nanoparticles were prepared by first (R1) and second (R2) routes and applied for the removal of methylene blue. The reported adsorption capacities for R1-0.2, R1-0.

Magnitude of neonatal meningitis and associated factors among newborns with neonatal sepsis admitted to the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North Gondar, Ethiopia.

Background: Neonatal meningitis continues to be a devastating infection with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The prevalence of neonatal meningitis varies across countries. However, there is a paucity of studies on neonatal meningitis in most low-resource settings.

In Vitro Safety Assessment of In-House Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Impact of Washing and Temperature Conditions.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) have been widely used in food, cosmetics, and biomedical research. However, human safety following exposure to TiO NPs remains to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro safety and toxicity of TiO NPs synthesized via the Stöber method under different washing and temperature conditions.

Pooled prevalence and risk factors of malaria among children aged 6-59 months in 13 sub-Saharan African countries: A multilevel analysis using recent malaria indicator surveys.

Background: Every 75 seconds, a child under five dies of malaria. Mainly children, aged between six months and five years, are at the highest risk for malaria. These children lost maternal immunity and did not yet developed specific immunity to the infection.

A beetle for prosecution: exogenous DNA detection from larval and adult gut of a Neotropical carrion beetle.

The use of recovered DNA ingested by necrophagous or hematophagous insects has increased in forensic sciences, mainly with representatives of flies. However, some beetles are also important for medico-legal forensic entomology because they feed on carcasses until advanced decomposition. This study evaluated whether the Neotropical carrion beetle Oxelytrum discicolle (Silphidae) has the potential for the detection of exogenous DNA into the gut.

Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Amharic Version of the World Health Organization's Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) Screening Tool Among Pregnant Women in North West Ethiopia, 2022: A Psychometric Validation.

Background: The prevalence of prenatal common mental disorders afflicting the global community, including Ethiopia, is thriving. Therefore, a time-efficient and valid screening tool is required. This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the self-reporting questionnaire-20 tool developed by the World Health Organization among pregnant mothers in Ethiopia.

Parenting Styles and Moral Disengagement in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Attachment Experiences.

Research on parenting styles and attachment experiences has paid little attention to the dimensions of moral development. It is, therefore, interesting to explore the relationship between parenting styles, internal working models of attachment, and the development of moral skills, in terms of moral disengagement. The study involved 307 young people (aged 19-25 years), and the dimensions examined were: parental styles (measured by the PSDQ: Tagliabue et al.

SPECTRA: A Novel Compact System for Surface Plasmon Resonance Measurements.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a common and useful measurement technique to perform fast and sensitive optical detection. SPR instrumentations usually comprise optical systems of mirrors and lenses which are quite expensive and impractical for point-of-care applications. In this work, we presented a novel and compact SPR device called SPECTRA, designed as a spectrophotometer add-on with a grating coupling configuration.

Optimization of Pulsed Laser Ablation and Radio-Frequency Sputtering Tandem System for Synthesis of 2D/3D AlO-ZnO Nanostructures: A Hybrid Approach to Synthesis of Nanostructures for Gas Sensing Applications.

In this paper, a unique hybrid approach to design and synthesize 2D/3D AlO-ZnO nanostructures by simultaneous deposition is presented. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and RF magnetron sputtering (RFMS) methods are redeveloped into a single tandem system to create a mixed-species plasma to grow ZnO nanostructures for gas sensing applications. In this set-up, the parameters of PLD have been optimized and explored with RFMS parameters to design 2D/3D AlO-ZnO nanostructures, including nanoneedles/nanospikes, nanowalls, and nanorods, among others.

Thermal Fabrication of Magnetic FeO (Nanoparticle)@Carbon Sheets from Waste Resources for the Adsorption of Dyes: Kinetic, Equilibrium, and UV-Visible Spectroscopy Investigations.

Thermal treatment is applied for the direct conversion of palm stalk waste to FeO (np)@carbon sheets (FeO (np)@CSs). The effect of conversion temperature was investigated. The TEM examination of the prepared magnetic FeO (np)@CSs showed the formation of FeO (np) in a matrix of carbon sheets as a coated layer with surface functional groups including carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.

Facile Strategy for Fabricating an Organosilica-Modified FeO (OS/FeO) Hetero-nanocore and OS/FeO@SiO Core-Shell Structure for Wastewater Treatment with Promising Recyclable Efficiency.

The development of a sustainable process for heavy metal ion remediation has become a point of interest in various fields of research, including wastewater treatment, industrial development, and health and environmental safety. In the present study, a promising sustainable adsorbent was fabricated through continuous controlled adsorption/desorption processes for heavy metal uptake. The fabrication strategy is based on a simple modification of FeO magnetic nanoparticles with organosilica in a one-pot solvothermal process, carried out in order to insert the organosilica moieties into the FeO nanocore during their formation.

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Coated with Carboxymethyl Chitosan for 5-Fluorouracil Ocular Delivery: Characterization, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

This study investigates the development of topically applied non-invasive amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles (AMSN) and O-Carboxymethyl chitosan-coated AMSN (AMSN-CMC) for ocular delivery of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Particle characterization was performed by the DLS technique (Zeta-Sizer), and structural morphology was examined by SEM and TEM. The drug encapsulation and loading were determined by the indirect method using HPLC.

Optical System Based on Nafion Membrane for the Detection of Ammonia in Blood Serum Samples.

The blood ammonia (NH) level is one of the most important hepatic biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of liver pathologies and infections. In this work, we developed an optimized optical biosensing method to extract and quantify the ammonia contained in complex-matrix samples emulating the blood serum. First, the approach was tested with solutions of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ammonia chloride.

Six in ten children with epilepsy visiting the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital were undernourished: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The burden of undernutrition among children with epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries is not well studied. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among children with epilepsy at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Method: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 239 epileptic children with epilepsy visiting the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital pediatric neurology clinic from June 2021 to September 2021.

Larval and adult digestive tract of the carrion beetle Oxelytrum discicolle (Brullé, 1840) (Coleoptera: Silphidae).

Oxelytrum discicolle is a necrophagous beetle occurring in Central and South America, with potential use in forensic entomology for investigations in the context of legal medicine. The present work aimed to describe the morphology of the digestive tract of larvae and adults and contributes to the knowledge about the digestion associated with necrophagy. In the three larval instars, the foregut is short and narrow, the midgut is a dilated tube, elongated with a smooth surface, and the hindgut is narrow and long, with small lateral projections and a dilated terminal region.

Glycemic and nonglycemic mechanisms of congenital malformations in hyperglycemic pregnancies: a narrative review.

Congenital malformations are more frequently found among children born to mothers with diabetes than in the background population. There are several complex mechanisms involved in the development of congenital malformations in the offspring of mothers with hyperglycemia, such as the overexpression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) 1 and 2, the increased activity of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and the reduced expression of the PAX3 gene with a consequent increase in p53 protein expression. These alterations can lead to increased glucose and free radical concentrations in the embryo, thus promoting the process of apoptosis and causing malformation.

Long-term survivorship of an exchangeable-neck hip prosthesis with a Ti-alloy/Ti-alloy neck-stem junction.

Introduction: Breakage of exchangeable-neck (EN) and adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs) to neck-stem junction (NSJ) damage products are responsible for increasing the revision rate of EN hip prostheses. We investigated the survivorship of an EN hip prosthesis including a NSJ with both components made of titanium alloy (Ti-alloy/Ti-alloy) to assess whether, and to what extent, EN breakage and NSJ damage affected implant survivorship.

Materials And Methods: Using data from a hip replacement registry, we determined survivorship of 2857 EN prostheses.

Cardiovascular Implications of microRNAs in Coronavirus Disease 2019.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continues to be a global challenge due to resulting morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular (CV) involvement is a crucial complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and no strategies are available to prevent or specifically address CV events in COVID-19 patients. The identification of molecular partners contributing to CV manifestations in COVID-19 patients is crucial for providing early biomarkers, prognostic predictors, and new therapeutic targets.

Untargeted lipidomics reveals specific lipid profiles in COVID-19 patients with different severity from Campania region (Italy).

COVID-19 infection evokes various systemic alterations that push patients not only towards severe acute respiratory syndrome but causes an important metabolic dysregulation with following multi-organ alteration and potentially poor outcome. To discover novel potential biomarkers able to predict disease's severity and patient's outcome, in this study we applied untargeted lipidomics, by a reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry platform (RP-UHPLC-TIMS-MS), on blood samples collected at hospital admission in an Italian cohort of COVID-19 patients (45 mild, 54 severe, 21 controls). In a subset of patients, we also collected a second blood sample in correspondence of clinical phenotype modification (longitudinal population).

Mothers experience on neonatal danger signs and associated factors in northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: even though there is a significant decline in neonatal mortality globally, it remained unacceptably high in Ethiopia. The estimated experience of neonatal danger signs affects the outcome more than the perceived knowledge. The main aim of this study was to estimate the experience of mothers on neonatal danger signs and its associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia.

Satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes with a new shorter and modular stem for end-stage hip osteoarthritis: an international prospective multicentre pilot study.

Introduction: This multicenter prospective cohort study aimed to assess the safety and clinical and radiologic performance of the CLS Brevius Stem with Kinectiv Technology.

Material And Methods: A total of 222 consecutive subjects, recruited in five different centers, qualifying for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), were enrolled in the study. All the subjects received the CLS Brevius Stem with Kinectiv Technology.