Nanoconfinement-guided in situ co-deposition of single-atom cascade nanozymes combined with injectable sodium alginate hydrogels for enhanced diabetic wound healing.

Treating diabetic wounds remains a major clinical challenge due to high glucose levels, bacterial infection, insufficient oxygen supply, and oxidative stress. Herein, guided by the nanoconfinement effect, single-atom Au/Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are in situ co-deposited in mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOF), while synergizing with DNA aptamer (DNA-Apt) with bacterial targeting functionality and an excellent biocompatible sodium alginate hydrogel (Gel), to prepare a multifunctional bimetallic cascade nanozyme combine hydrogels (Au-Pt@ZIF-8/Apt@gel). ZIF-8 degrades in the acidic environment of a wound infection, releasing Zn and Au/Pt nanoparticles, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the catalysis of glucose to inactivate bacteria.