Zearalenone enhances TSST-1 production by intestinal Staphylococcus and increases uterine immune stress in rats.

Zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin prevalent in food crops, poses significant health risks, particularly through its impact on the gut-uterus axis. This study assessed the effects of a 5 mg/kg body weight ZEA dosage in female SD rats, focusing on gut microbiota alterations, inflammatory responses, and uterine changes. Our findings revealed substantial shifts in microbial composition, including significant reductions in beneficial genera such as Akkermansia and Ruminococcaceae and marked increases in pathogenic staphylococci, which correlated with elevated levels of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in serum and uterine tissue.

Exosomes as mediators of signal transmitters in biotoxins toxicity: a comprehensive review.

Small membranes known as exosomes surround them and are released by several cell types both in vitro and in vivo. These membranes are packed with a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and non-coding RNA (ncRNA). As a source of biological nanomaterials, exosomes play a role in information and substance transmission between cells and have been identified as a general method of facilitating communication during interactions between the body, target organs, and toxins.

Research Progress of Safety of Zearalenone: A Review.

Zearalenone, a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus , widely exists in animal feed and human food. The structure of zearalenone is similar to estrogen, so it mainly has estrogenic effects on various organisms. Products contaminated with zearalenone can pose risks to animals and humans.

Downregulation of m6A Methyltransferase in the Hippocampus of Mice and Implications for Learning and Memory Deficits.

Loss-of-function mutations in the gene that encodes TYRO protein kinase-binding protein () cause Nasu-Hakola disease, a heritable disease resembling Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methylation of N6 methyl-adenosine (m6A) in mRNA plays essential roles in learning and memory. Aberrant m6A methylation has been detected in AD patients and animal models.

Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO driven acidification.

Ocean acidification (OA) has posed formidable threats to marine calcifiers. In response to elevated CO levels, marine calcifiers have developed multiple strategies to survive, such as taking advantage of apoptosis, but its regulation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we used the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas as model to understand the apoptotic responses and regulation mechanism at short- (7 d) to long-term (56 d) CO exposure (pH = 7.