CDKL5 promotes proliferation, migration, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance of glioma cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Gliomas, the most prevalent cancer in the central nervous system, are characterized by high morbidity and mortality, emphasizing the need to understand their etiology. Here, we report that cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) is highly expressed in gliomas, and CDKL5 overexpression promotes invasion, proliferation, migration and drug (β-lapachone) resistance of glioma cells. In vitro, CDKL5 overexpression enhanced invasion, growth and migration of glioma cells, and stimulated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT axis.

Design method for assembly-insensitive freeform reflective optical systems.

The sensitivity of an optical system to assembly errors can greatly affect the actual image quality. The system design must be changed if its tolerance for assembly errors is too tight. In this paper, we present an automated design method for initial systems of freeform reflective optical systems that are insensitive to assembly errors.

Point-by-point design method for mixed-surface-type off-axis reflective imaging systems with spherical, aspheric, and freeform surfaces.

In this paper, mixed-surface-type optical system is defined as the optical system comprised of various types of surfaces, including spherical, aspheric, and freeform surfaces. A general point-by-point design method for mixed-surface-type systems is proposed. In detail, methods for spherical system design and optical power assignment are proposed during the point-by-point design process.

Full-field point-by-point direct design method of off-axis aspheric imaging systems.

It is of urgent need to develop a point-by-point design method for off-axis aspheric systems in full field and full aperture. So a general full-field point-by-point method for off-axis aspheric systems is presented in this paper, in which light rays from different field angles and aperture coordinates are considered. Surface fitting is included during the point calculations, rather than after all the points are calculated.