The social welfare effect of e-commerce product reputation information asymmetry from the perspective of network externality.

Reputation is the most important intangible asset of merchants. In the e-commerce platform market, reputation information has become an important signal of product quality. However, with increasingly fierce competition among merchants on these platforms, violations of reputation information, such as "click farming," "cash rebate for favorable comments," and "pay per click," have caused information asymmetry and adverse selection.

Players' strategy selection in co-governance and supervision of internet platforms' monopolistic behaviors: A study on new media participation.

Incidents of monopolies among Internet platforms have seriously endangered the development of the market economy, public interest, and social fairness, making it a highly discussed topic of broad public concern. Preventing such incidents requires not only a comprehensive supervision system by governments, but also contributions from other relevant parties. The new media environment has provided a new platform to support such joint supervision from multiple parties.

Synchronization of Fractional-Order Complex Chaotic Systems Based on Observers.

By designing a state observer, a new type of synchronization named complex modified projective synchronization is investigated in a class of nonlinear fractional-order complex chaotic systems. Combining stability results of the fractional-order systems and the pole placement method, this paper proves the stability of fractional-order error systems and realizes complex modified projective synchronization. This method is so effective that it can be applied in engineering.