Dual-energy computed tomography iodine uptake in differential diagnosis of inflammatory and malignant pulmonary nodules.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of iodine uptake parameters using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in discriminating inflammatory nodules from malignant tumors. METHODS This retrospective study included 116 solid pulmonary nodules from 112 patients who were admitted to our hospital between January and September 2018. All nodules were confirmed by surgery or puncture.

Quantitative texture analysis based on dynamic contrast enhanced MRI for differential diagnosis between primary thymic lymphoma from thymic carcinoma.

To evaluate the value of texture analysis based on dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma and thymic lymphoma. Sixty-nine patients with pathologically confirmed (thymic carcinoma, n = 32; thymic lymphoma, n = 37) were enrolled in this retrospective study. K, K and V maps were automatically generated, and texture features were extracted, including mean, median, 5th/95th percentile, skewness, kurtosis, diff-variance, diff-entropy, contrast and entropy.

Radiomic Analysis of Pulmonary Nodules for Distinguishing Malignancy From Benignancy: The Value of Using Iodine Maps From Dual-Energy Computed Tomography.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of radiomics on iodine maps from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in distinguishing lung cancer from benign pulmonary nodules.

Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was waived. A total of 109 patients with 55 malignant nodules and 62 benign nodules underwent contrast-enhanced DECT.

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessing Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Correlation With Pathological Subtypes and Clinical Stages.

Background: World Health Organization classification and Masaoka-Koga stage are widely used for thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Reduced field-of-view (rFOV) diffusion-weighed imaging (DWI) proved to improve the image quality. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI was commonly used in evaluating tumors.

High-resolution CT image analysis based on 3D convolutional neural network can enhance the classification performance of radiologists in classifying pulmonary non-solid nodules.

Objective: To investigate whether 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) is able to enhance the classification performance of radiologists in classifying pulmonary non-solid nodules (NSNs).

Materials And Methods: Data of patients with solitary NSNs and diagnosed as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), or invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) in pathological after surgical resection were analyzed retrospectively. Ultimately, 532 patients in our institution were included in the study: 427 cases (144 AIS, 167 MIA, 116 IAC) were assigned to training dataset and 105 cases (36 AIS, 41 MIA and 28 IAC) were assigned to validation dataset.

IgG4-related nephritis and interstitial pulmonary disease complicated by invasive pulmonary fungal infection: a case report.

Background: IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) can affect multiple organs, which was first reported as a complication or extra-organ manifestation of autoimmune pancreatitis in 2004. It is characterized by abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells infiltration in tissues involved.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man presented with cough and renal dysfunction with medical history of hypertension and diabetes.

Radiofrequency ablation with four electrodes as a building block for matrix radiofrequency ablation: Ex vivo liver experiments and finite element method modelling. Influence of electric and activation mode on coagulation size and geometry.

Purpose: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly being used to treat unresectable liver tumors. Complete ablation of the tumor and a safety margin is necessary to prevent local recurrence. With current electrodes, size and shape of the ablation zone are highly variable leading to unsatisfactory local recurrence rates, especially for tumors >3 cm.

Deep Learning in CT Images: Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection for Subsequent Management Using Convolutional Neural Network.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the detection performance of the 3-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN)-based computer-aided detection (CAD) models with radiologists of different levels of experience in detecting pulmonary nodules on thin-section computed tomography (CT).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1109 consecutive patients who underwent follow-up thin-section CT at our institution. The 3D CNN model for nodule detection was re-trained and complemented by expert augmentation.

Nomograms to predict the presence and extent of inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile cancer patients with clinically positive lymph nodes.

Background: We developed two nomograms to predict the presence of inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM) and two or more histologically positive inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) or one ILN with extranodal extension (ENE) in penile cancer patients with clinically positive inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs).

Methods: This study enrolled 75 penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) patients with clinically positive ILNs. A binary logistic regression model was taken to screen out the risk factors for the presence of ILNM and two or more positive ILNs or one node with ENE in one side.

Association Of Initial Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Treatment And EGFR Exon 19 Deletion With Frequency Of The T790M Mutation In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients After Resistance To First-Line Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Background: The present study analyzed the relationship between clinical features and the T790M mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) treatment.

Methods: NSCLC patients with resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs in which the disease control time was more than 6 months after initial TKI treatment were enrolled. T790M mutation analysis was performed using one of the following methods according to each manufacturer's protocols: Cobas EGFR mutation test (41/105, 39.

IL-22 Confers EGFR-TKI Resistance in NSCLC via the AKT and ERK Signaling Pathways.

The efficacy of an EGFR-targeted treatment strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is reduced by drug resistance. IL-22 enhances tumor growth and induces chemotherapy resistance in human lung cancer cells. The present study elucidated the IL-22-induced mechanism underlying EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in NSCLC.

Identification of Germline Mismatch Repair Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer Patients With Paired Tumor-Normal Next Generation Sequencing: A Retrospective Study.

Paired tumor-normal targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is primarily used to identify actionable somatic mutations, but can also detect germline variants including pathogenic germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes that underlie Lynch syndrome. In the present study we examined paired NGS data from lung cancer patients to identify germline mutations in MMR genes. As lung cancer is not one of the recognized Lynch syndrome-associated neoplasms, we also investigated whether these lung cancer cases are due to Lynch syndrome or are instead sporadic cancers occurring in Lynch syndrome patients.

CT-Based Radiomics Model for Predicting Brain Metastasis in Category T1 Lung Adenocarcinoma.

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate an unenhanced CT-based radiomics model to predict brain metastasis (BM) in patients with category T1 lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 89 eligible patients with category T1 lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled and classified as patients with BM ( = 35) or patients without BM ( = 54). A total of 1160 quantitative radiomic features were extracted from unenhanced CT images of each patient.

Histogram analysis combined with morphological characteristics to discriminate adenocarcinoma in situ or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma from invasive adenocarcinoma appearing as pure ground-glass nodule.

Objective: To construct a predictive model to discriminate adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) from invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) appearing as pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) using computed tomography (CT) histogram analysis combined with morphological characteristics and to evaluate its diagnostic performance.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred eighty-nine patients with surgically resected solitary pGGN and pathologically diagnosed with AIS, MIA, or IAC in our institution from January 2014 to May 2018 were enrolled in our study. Two hundred twenty-six pGGNs (79 AIS, 84 MIA, and 63 IAC) were randomly selected and assigned to a model-development cohort, and the remaining 63 pGGNs (11 AIS, 29 MIA and 23 IAC) were assigned to a validation cohort.

LINC00665 Induces Acquired Resistance to Gefitinib through Recruiting EZH2 and Activating PI3K/AKT Pathway in NSCLC.

Gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, has been used as the first choice of treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. However, during the course of treatment, cancer cells often develop resistance to gefitinib without fully understood mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to elucidate an important role of long intergenic non-coding RNA 00665 in developing resistance to gefitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Concurrent pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma and primary lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) in the lung is a very rare metastatic disease. BML accompanied with primary lung cancer is even more uncommon. In our report, a 38-year-old female who undertook routine computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the pulmonary abnormality.

Radiomics Approach to Prediction of Occult Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of radiomic features from CT scans in predicting occult mediastinal lymph node (LN) metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials And Methods: A total of 492 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent preoperative unenhanced chest CT were enrolled in the study. A total of 300 radiomics features quantifying tumor intensity, texture, and wavelet were extracted from the segmented entire-tumor volume of interest of the primary tumor.

Prognostic Impact of the Findings on Thin-Section Computed Tomography in stage I lung adenocarcinoma with visceral pleural invasion.

Visceral pleural invasion (VPI) in stageI lung adenocarcinoma is an independent negative prognostic factor. However, no studies proved any morphologic pattern could be referred to as a prognostic factor. Thus, we aim to investigate the potential prognostic impact of VPI by extracting high-dimensional radiomics features on thin-section computed tomography (CT).

A Whole-Tumor Histogram Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Maps for Differentiating Thymic Carcinoma from Lymphoma.

Objective: To assess the performance of a whole-tumor histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in differentiating thymic carcinoma from lymphoma, and compare it with that of a commonly used hot-spot region-of-interest (ROI)-based ADC measurement.

Materials And Methods: Diffusion weighted imaging data of 15 patients with thymic carcinoma and 13 patients with lymphoma were retrospectively collected and processed with a mono-exponential model. ADC measurements were performed by using a histogram-based and hot-spot-ROI-based approach.

Histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps for assessing thymic epithelial tumours: correlation with world health organization classification and clinical staging.

Objective: To investigate the value of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) histogram analysis for assessing World Health Organization (WHO) pathological classification and Masaoka clinical stages of thymic epithelial tumours.

Methods: 37 patients with histologically confirmed thymic epithelial tumours were enrolled. ADC measurements were performed using hot-spot ROI (ADC) and histogram-based approach.

Comparison of a radiomic biomarker with volumetric analysis for decoding tumour phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma with different disease-specific survival.

Objectives: To compare a multi-feature-based radiomic biomarker with volumetric analysis in discriminating lung adenocarcinomas with different disease-specific survival on computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods: This retrospective study obtained institutional review board approval and was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant. Pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma (n = 431) manifested as subsolid nodules on CT were identified.

Retrospective Evaluation of Safety, Efficacy and Risk Factors for Pneumothorax in Simultaneous Localizations of Multiple Pulmonary Nodules Using Hook Wire System.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the hook wire system in the simultaneous localizations for multiple pulmonary nodules (PNs) before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and to clarify the risk factors for pneumothorax associated with the localization procedure.

Methods: Between January 2010 and February 2016, 67 patients (147 nodules, Group A) underwent simultaneous localizations for multiple PNs using a hook wire system. The demographic, localization procedure-related information and the occurrence rate of pneumothorax were assessed and compared with a control group (349 patients, 349 nodules, Group B).

Volumetric analysis of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging for assessment of solitary pulmonary lesions.

Background Differentiating between malignant and benign solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs) is challenging. Purpose To determine diagnostic performance of intravoxel incoherent motion-based diffusion-weighted imaging (DW-IVIM) in distinguishing malignant from benign SPLs, using histogram analysis derived whole-tumor and single-section region of interest (ROI). Material and Methods This retrospective study received institutional review board approval.