Cullin 4A is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition and poor prognosis in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Aim: To explore the functional role of cullin 4A (CUL4A), a core subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase, in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC).

Methods: The expression of CUL4A in PHCC cell lines was evaluated by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was adopted to investigate the relationship between CUL4A expression and clinicopathological characteristics of PHCC.

[Terahertz spectroscopic investigation of crystalline beta-D-galactopyranose].

In order to deeply understand the spectral characteristics of beta-D-galactopyranose in the terahertz region, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to measure the absorption coefficient and refractive index in the frequency range 0.3-3.0 THz at room temperature, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to obtain the absorption spectrum between 1.