Reshaping the gut microbiota: Tangliping decoction and its core blood-absorbed component quercetin improve diabetic cognitive impairment.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, which can result in diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI). Recent studies have indicated that gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development of DCI. Tangliping Decoction (TLP), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, contains various active ingredients that have been shown to regulate the microecology of gut microbiota and potentially improve DCI.

Comparative analysis of femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond laser techniques for transseptal puncture: An in vitro study with pathological correlation.

Background: Advanced precision laser technologies for transseptal puncture are still under exploration. Femtosecond lasers, renowned for their high precision and minimal collateral damage, exhibit significant potential in transseptal puncture applications.

Objective: This study investigated the feasibility, effectiveness and pathological effects of femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond lasers for transseptal puncture in vitro.

A novel NIR-dependent IDO-inhibiting ethosomes treatment melanoma through PTT/PDT/immunotherapy synergy.

Phototherapy is a treatment method that uses the characteristics of different bands of light to treat diseases. Tumor immunotherapy, on the other hand, treats tumors by regulating the body's immune system. The combination of phototherapy and immunotherapy can significantly enhance the treatment of melanoma.

Multifunctional dopamine-modified conjugated polymer nanoparticles for ultrasensitive immunoassays.

The development of simple and ultrasensitive immunoassays is critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The efficient integration of amplification strategies with highly sensitive detection probes plays a key role in boosting the ultrasensitive immunoassays. In this paper, we report a multifunctional and integrated dopamine-modified conjugated polymer nanoparticle (DA-CPN) probe prepared by a one-step nanoprecipitation method for ultrasensitive immunoassay.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Treats Obesity by Regulating the Central Nervous System via Short-Chain Fatty Acids.

The increasing global prevalence of obesity (OB) calls for the development of effective treatments. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a promising approach by modulating gut microbiota (GM) to enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Research has demonstrated that SCFAs can regulate appetite and energy expenditure via the Central Nervous System (CNS), underscoring the role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining energy balance.

Racial Disparities of Type 2 Diabetes Through Exercise: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Introduction: Persistent racial and ethnic disparities exist for Type 2 diabetes in the U.S. Racial and ethnic minorities have a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes, and studies suggest that they engage in less exercise than White population.

Occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States, 1988-2019.

Background: Although leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is a beneficial factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, relationships between occupational physical activity (OPA) and CVD mortality are inconclusive. We aimed to examine prospective associations of OPA with CVD mortality using a large representative sample of adult workers in the United States (US), and explore how socioeconomic status (SES) may influence these associations.

Methods: This cohort study included US workers (≥ 18 years) participating in the 1988 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and passively followed until December 31, 2019.

Fe/Pt-doped carbon nanoparticles with peroxidase-like activity for point-of-care determination of uric acid.

A pasting-3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device (P-3D μPAD) was developed. It enabled an efficient cascade reaction between urate oxidase (UOX) and Fe/Pt-doped carbon nanoparticles (Fe/Pt-CNPs) for visual colorimetric detection of uric acid (UA). The novel Fe/Pt-CNP nanozyme performed high peroxidase-like activity toward 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and HO with Michaelis - Menten constants (K) of 0.

Synergistic interactions between gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids: Pioneering therapeutic frontiers in chronic disease management.

Microorganisms in the gut play a pivotal role in human health, influencing various pathophysiological processes. Certain microorganisms are particularly essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, reducing inflammation, supporting nervous system function, and regulating metabolic processes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a subset of fatty acids produced by the gut microbiota (GM) during the fermentation of indigestible polysaccharides.

Adhered-3D paper microfluidic analytical device based on oxidase-mimicking activity of Co-doped carbon dots nanozyme for point-of-care testing of alkaline phosphatase.

Paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have become promising alternatives to clinical laboratory-based methods for point-of-care testing (POCT) of biomarkers in family care and resource-limited communities. Here, Co-doped carbon dots (Co-CDs) nanozyme with outstanding oxidase-mimicking catalytic activity and red fluorescent emission were prepared, and combined adhered-3D μPAD (A-3D μPAD) to monitor facilely alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in whole blood samples. Co-CDs catalyzed the oxidization of nonfluorescent o-phenylenediamine (OPD) into 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD) with yellow fluorescent emission due to the generation of tremendous O species.

Generation of 8-fs and 13-nJ pulse from a Yb-fiber system with nonlinear-pulse-compression.

In this study, we demonstrated a few-cycle pulse generation system delivering an 8-fs and 13-nJ pulse. The oscillator of this system is a mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM), which is injected into the gain management nonlinear (GMN) amplifier after pre-chirp management by a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) and a passive fiber. Subsequently, a hollow-core photonic bandgap (HC-PBG) fiber is employed to compensate for the dispersion, achieving a pulse duration of 49.

Targeting ferroptosis in the neurovascular unit: A promising approach for treating diabetic cognitive impairment.

The cognitive decline associated with chronic metabolic disease diabetes has garnered extensive scrutiny, yet its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, and the advancement of targeted therapeutics has posed a persistent challenge. Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death characterized by intracellular lipid peroxidation and iron overload, has recently emerged as a significant factor. Numerous contemporary studies have corroborated that ferroptosis within the neurovascular unit is intimately associated with the onset of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment.

Placental Pathologic Features and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Woman With Autoimmune Connective Tissue Disease.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the association between perinatal outcomes and placental pathological features in pregnant women with ACTD, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD).

Materials And Methods: Placental tissue from SLE (n = 44), APS (n = 45), and UCTD (n = 45) were included, and contemporaneous deliveries of placenta were served as a control group (n = 46) between September 2015 and March 2021. The placental histopathology was evaluated using the Manual of Human Placental Pathology and classified according to the Amsterdam consensus framework.

Research on terahertz image analysis of thin-shell seeds based on semantic segmentation.

Assessing crop seed phenotypic traits is essential for breeding innovations and germplasm enhancement. However, the tough outer layers of thin-shelled seeds present significant challenges for traditional methods aimed at the rapid assessment of their internal structures and quality attributes. This study explores the potential of combining terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and imaging with semantic segmentation models for the rapid and non-destructive examination of these traits.

All-trans retinoic acid in hematologic disorders: not just acute promyelocytic leukemia.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays a role in tissue development, neural function, reproduction, vision, cell growth and differentiation, tumor immunity, and apoptosis. ATRA can act by inducing autophagic signaling, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and immune function. In the blood system ATRA was first used with great success in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), where ATRA differentiated leukemia cells into mature granulocytes.

Exercise promotes brain health: a systematic review of fNIRS studies.

Exercise can induce brain plasticity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a functional neuroimaging technique that exploits cerebral hemodynamics and has been widely used in the field of sports psychology to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise. However, most existing fNIRS studies are cross-sectional and do not include exercise interventions.

Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Allostatic Load.

Introduction: Leisure-time physical activity decreases allostatic load, a measure of burden of chronic stress. However, the role of occupational physical activity is unknown. This study examined associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load among workers in the U.

lincRNA00907 promotes NASH progression by targeting miRNA-942-5p/TAOK1.

Objective: The study aims to examine the involvement of lincRNA00907 in the advancement of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods: The examination was conducted to assess the expression of linc00907 in liver tissues from NASH patients and healthy individuals. High-fat diets induced NASH in mouse models, while palmitic acid/oleic acid treatment was used to create cell models.

Ginkgolic acid inhibits the expression of SAE1 and induces ferroptosis to exert an anti-hepatic fibrosis effect.

Background: Finding a drug for early intervention in the hepatic fibrosis process has important clinical significance. Previous studies have suggested SUMOylation as a potential target for intervention in hepatic fibrosis. However, the role of SAE1, a marker of SUMOylation, in hepatic fibrosis is unknown.

KIF18A inactivates hepatic stellate cells and alleviates liver fibrosis through the TTC3/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the process of liver fibrogenesis. In this study, we observed a decrease in the expression of KIF18A in fibrotic liver tissues compared to healthy liver tissues, which exhibited a negative correlation with the activation of HSCs. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of KIF18A, we performed in vitro proliferation experiments and established a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model.

Uncertainty-Aware Health Diagnostics via Class-Balanced Evidential Deep Learning.

Uncertainty quantification is critical for ensuring the safety of deep learning-enabled health diagnostics, as it helps the model account for unknown factors and reduces the risk of misdiagnosis. However, existing uncertainty quantification studies often overlook the significant issue of class imbalance, which is common in medical data. In this paper, we propose a class-balanced evidential deep learning framework to achieve fair and reliable uncertainty estimates for health diagnostic models.

DIA-based quantitative proteomics analysis of plasma exosomes in rat model of allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symptoms such as itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal obstruction. Despite being classified as an IgE-mediated typeⅠ allergy for many years, the complex pathophysiological mechanism of AR continues to present a challenge in clinical management. The objective of this study was to quantify the proteomics of plasma exosomes using data independent acquisition (DIA) in combination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the key proteins involved in the development and progression of AR.

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of lung cells in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, hypertension, and comorbid diabetes-hypertension.

Background: There is growing evidence that the lung is a target organ for injury in diabetes and hypertension. There are no studies on the status of the lungs, especially cellular subpopulations, and related functions in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and hypertension-diabetes after combined SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Method: Using single-cell meta-analysis in combination with bulk-RNA analysis, we identified three drug targets and potential receptors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung tissues from patients with diabetes, hypertension, and hypertension-diabetes, referred to as "co-morbid" patients.