Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus-infected young adult.

Perinatally infected children represent a large proportion of the youth living with human immunodeficiency virusinfection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Because of nonadherence to treatment, an increasing number of perinatally acquired HIV-infected adolescents and young adults are showing virologic failure and immune suppression. We report a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a perinatally HIV-infected young adult, occurred shortly after the revision of an antiretroviral regimen.

Recommendations in pediatric antiretroviral therapy.

The pathogenesis of HIV infection and the general principles of therapy are the same for HIV-infected adults, adolescents, children and infants. However, antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection in pediatrics requires the consideration of a number of factors specific to its population, including differences in drug pharmacokinetics and the use of virologic and immunologic markers, as well as age-related adherence issues. This review summarizes the text of the Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection, which was updated in October 2006.