Versatile LaCoNiO Nanofiber Membrane for High Performance Oxygen Electrocatalysis over a Wide Temperature Range.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are key processes in numerous oxygen-involved applications over a wide temperature range. Despite advances in nanofiber engineering to increase active site density and catalytic efficiency for ORR/OER, conventional electrode fabrication methods often compromise the integrity of nanofibrous structures. Herein, a robust strategy is presented for the fabrication of LaCoNiO (LCN) nanofibrous membranes using optimized electrospinning techniques.

Enhancing Mycoprotein Yield: Metabolic Modulation of Chitin Synthase in .

is being extensively utilized for microbial protein production. However, its high dietary fiber content results in substantial carbon loss. Inhibition of chitin biosynthesis presents a promising strategy to improve the mycoprotein yield.

UV radiation enhanced encapsulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) in microparticles derived from tumor repopulating cells.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as microparticles secreted by the cells can be manipulated and used for delivering therapeutic drugs to target and eradicate cancer cells. However, high encapsulation efficiency and mass production of the microparticles remain difficult to achieve. Efficient and targeted delivery to cancer cells is another hurdle to be addressed.

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enhance Exosome Production by Upregulating Exosome Transport and Secretion Pathways.

Exosomes are cell-released nanovesicles that regulate intercellular communication by transporting a variety of bioactive molecules. They play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, such as the immune response, tissue regeneration, aging, and tumor progression. There has been growing interest in controlling exosome production, which could offer valuable tools for unraveling complex cell communication networks and enabling novel therapeutic applications.

Synchronous Bioproduction of Betanin and Mycoprotein in the Engineered Edible Fungus .

Sustainable production of edible microbial proteins and red food colorants is an important demand for future food. Therefore, creation of a chassis strain that can efficiently synthesize both products is extremely necessary and meaningful. To realize this envision, a CRISPR/Cas9-based visual multicopy integration system was successfully developed in .

Iron oxide nanozymes enhanced by ascorbic acid for macrophage-based cancer therapy.

In recent years, using pharmacological ascorbic acid has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment, owing to its capacity to induce extracellular hydrogen peroxide (HO) production in solid tumors. The HO is then converted into cytotoxic hydroxyl free radicals (HO˙) by redox-active Fe inside cells. However, the high dosage of ascorbic acid required for efficacy is hampered by adverse effects such as kidney stone formation.

Rapid and Amplification-free Nucleic Acid Detection with DNA Substrate-Mediated Autocatalysis of CRISPR/Cas12a.

To enable rapid and accurate point-of-care DNA detection, we have developed a single-step, amplification-free nucleic acid detection platform, a DNA substrate-mediated autocatalysis of CRISPR/Cas12a (DSAC). DSAC makes use of the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a and target template-activated DNA substrate for dual signal amplifications. DSAC employs two distinct DNA substrate types: one that enhances signal amplification and the other that negatively modulates fluorescent signals.

Subjective benefits from wearing self-fitting over-the-counter hearing aids in the real world.

Introduction: In 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration enacted final regulations to establish the category of over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids aimed at reducing barriers to access hearing health care for individuals with self-perceived mild to moderate hearing loss. However, given the infancy of this device category, the effectiveness of OTC hearing aids in real-world environments is not yet well understood.

Methods And Results: To gain insights into the perceived benefit of self-fitting OTC hearing aids, a two-pronged investigation was conducted.

The enhancement of energy supply in syngas-fermenting microorganisms.

After the second industrial revolution, social productivity developed rapidly, and the use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas increased greatly in industrial production. The burning of these fossil fuels releases large amounts of greenhouse gases such as CO, which has caused greenhouse effects and global warming. This has endangered the planet's ecological balance and brought many species, including animals and plants, to the brink of extinction.

Facilely and efficiently constructing anti-oil-fouling zwitterionic coatings on membranes for oil-in-water emulsion separation.

A facile and efficient strategy for constructing anti-oil-fouling zwitterionic coatings on membranes is developed. The resultant membrane exhibits excellent anti-oil-fouling ability even in a dry state, and has a high efficiency for emulsion separation with a high flux of 5800 L m h bar and an oil rejection of up to 99.6%.

Advancing cancer treatment: delivery of therapeutic small noncoding RNAs.

In recent years, small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a new player in the realm of cancer therapeutics. Their unique capacity to directly modulate genetic networks and target oncogenes positions them as valuable complements to existing small-molecule drugs. Concurrently, the advancement of small ncRNA-based therapeutics has rekindled the pursuit of efficacious delivery strategies.

Efficient Mycoprotein Production with Low CO Emissions through Metabolic Engineering and Fermentation Optimization of .

The global protein shortage is intensifying, and promising means to ensure daily protein supply are desperately needed. The mycoprotein produced by is a good alternative to animal/plant-derived protein. To comprehensively improve the mycoprotein synthesis, a stepwise strategy by blocking the byproduct ethanol synthesis and the gluconeogenesis pathway and by optimizing the fermentation medium was herein employed.

Enhancing ROS-Inducing Nanozyme through Intraparticle Electron Transport.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have garnered significant attention as a promising platform for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent disease treatment, owing to their remarkable biocompatibility and Fenton catalytic activity. However, the low catalytic activity of IONPs is a major hurdle in their clinical translation. To overcome this challenge, IONPs of different compositions are examined for their Fenton reaction under pharmacologically relevant conditions.

Magnetic nanocomplexes coupled with an external magnetic field modulate macrophage phenotype - a non-invasive strategy for bone regeneration.

Chronic inflammation is a major cause for the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases such as fragility fracture, and nonunion. Studies have shown that modulating the immune phenotype of macrophages from proinflammatory to prohealing mode can heal recalcitrant bone defects. Current therapeutic strategies predominantly apply biochemical cues, which often lack target specificity and controlling their release kinetics is challenging spatially and temporally.

Force-Mediated Endocytosis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Targeting of Stem Cells.

Stem cell therapy represents one of the most promising approaches for tissue repair and regeneration. However, the full potential of stem cell therapy remains to be realized. One major challenge is the insufficient homing and retention of stem cells at the desired sites after delivery.

Latexin regulates sex dimorphism in hematopoiesis via gender-specific differential expression of microRNA 98-3p and thrombospondin 1.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to self-renew and differentiate to all blood cell types. HSCs and their differentiated progeny show sex/gender differences. The fundamental mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Identification of neutral genome integration sites with high expression and high integration efficiency in TB01.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed recombination is an efficient method to express target genes. Based on the above method, providing ideal neutral integration sites can ensure the reliable, stable, and high expression of target genes. In this study, we obtained a fluorescent transformant with neutral integration and high expression of the expression cassette from the constructed expression library and named strain FS.

Evasion of Cas9 toxicity to develop an efficient genome editing system and its application to increase ethanol yield in Fusarium venenatum TB01.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a powerful genome editing tool that has been successfully established in some filamentous fungi due to its high flexibility and efficiency. However, the potential toxicity of Cas9 restricts the further popularization and application of this system to some degree. The AMA1 element is a self-replicator derived from Aspergillus nidulans, and its derived vectors can be readily lost without selection.

Sustainable production of astaxanthin in microorganisms: the past, present, and future.

Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-diketo-β-carotene) is a type of C40 carotenoid with remarkable antioxidant characteristics, showing significant application prospects in many fields. Traditionally, the astaxanthin is mainly obtained from chemical synthesis and natural acquisition, with both approaches having many limitations and not capable of meeting the growing market demand. In order to cope with these challenges, novel techniques, e.

From formic acid to single-cell protein: genome-scale revealing the metabolic network of Paracoccus communis MA5.

With the increase in population growth and environmental pollution, the daily protein supply is facing great challenges. Single-cell protein (SCP) produced by microorganism fermentation is a good alternative for substituting plant- and animal-derived proteins. In this study, Paracoccus communis MA5 isolated from soil previously demonstrated an excellent ability to synthesize SCP directly from sodium formate.

Manipulation of host ecdysteroid hormone levels facilitates infection by the fungal insect pathogen, Metarhizium rileyi.

Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium rileyi and Beauveria bassiana are widely used insect biological control agents. Little, however, is known concerning genetic or enzymatic factors that differentiate the mechanisms employed by these two fungal pathogens to infect target hosts. Infection by either of these organisms is known to increase levels of the growth and molting hormone, ecdysone, which also regulates the expression of a number of innate immune pathways.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Associated Cognitive Deficits on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status in a Veteran Population.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent problem of veterans receiving care and is often associated with cognitive deficits. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is a well-validated cognitive screening measure often used in the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), particularly in neurorehabilitation settings. However, the influence of PTSD on RBANS performance is unclear, particularly within a heterogeneous VA outpatient population in which PTSD and traumatic brain injury (TBI) may not be the primary focus of care.