GABAR-PPT1 palmitoylation homeostasis controls synaptic transmission and circuitry oscillation.

The infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, also called CLN1 disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the CLN1 gene encoding palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). Identifying the depalmitoylation substrates of PPT1 is crucial for understanding CLN1 disease. In this study, we found that GABAR, the critical synaptic protein essential for inhibitory neurotransmission, is a substrate of PPT1.

DRIM modulates Src activation and regulates angiogenic functions in vascular endothelial cells.

Downregulated in Metastasis Protein (DRIM) was discovered in malignant epithelial cells and was thought to be mainly a nucleus protein affecting cancer cells. Recent single-cell sequencing analysis suggests that DRIM is abundantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. There has been no knowledge of the role of DRIM in the endothelium.

AO-DETR: Anti-Overlapping DETR for X-Ray Prohibited Items Detection.

Prohibited item detection in X-ray images is one of the most essential and highly effective methods widely employed in various security inspection scenarios. Considering the significant overlapping phenomenon in X-ray prohibited item images, we propose an anti-overlapping detection transformer (AO-DETR) based on one of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) general object detectors, DETR with improved denoising anchor boxes (DINO). Specifically, to address the feature coupling issue caused by overlapping phenomena, we introduce the category-specific one-to-one assignment (CSA) strategy to constrain category-specific object queries in predicting prohibited items of fixed categories, which can enhance their ability to extract features specific to prohibited items of a particular category from the overlapping foreground-background features.

Angiotensin 1-7 restrains vascular injury of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by inhibiting ferroptosis.

Background: Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) is the classical end product of angiotensin II, which has the effects of dilating blood vessels, protecting endothelial cells, anti-hypertension, improving cardiac function, and inhibiting atherosclerosis. We hypothesize that Ang1-7 inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) ferroptosis through NF-κB/P53 signal pathway, and reduces extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) vascular injury.

Methods: Cultured HUVEC were seeded into 15 wells and randomly divided into five groups: the control group and four experimental groups (erastin, erastin + Ang1-7, erastin + Ang1-7 + Betulinic acid, erastin + Betulinic acid).

Computational and Experimental Comparison of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Prepared by Different Functional Monomers-Quantitative Parameters Defined Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Background: In recent years, the advancement of computational chemistry has offered new insights into the rational design of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). From this aspect, our study tried to give quantitative parameters for evaluating imprinting efficiency and exploring the formation mechanism of MIPs by combining simulation and experiments.

Methods: The pre-polymerization system of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) was investigated using a combination of quantum chemical (QC) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Relation Knowledge Distillation by Auxiliary Learning for Object Detection.

Balancing the trade-off between accuracy and speed for obtaining higher performance without sacrificing the inference time is a challenging topic for object detection task. Knowledge distillation, which serves as a kind of model compression techniques, provides a potential and feasible way to handle above efficiency and effectiveness issue through transferring the dark knowledge from the sophisticated teacher detector to the simple student one. Despite demonstrating promising solutions to make harmonies between accuracy and speed, current knowledge distillation for object detection methods still suffer from two limitations.

VMP1: a multifaceted regulator of cellular homeostasis with implications in disease pathology.

Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) is an integral membrane protein that plays a pivotal role in cellular processes, particularly in the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy, a self-degradative mechanism, is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis by degradation and recycling damaged organelles and proteins. VMP1 involved in the autophagic processes include the formation of autophagosomes and the subsequent fusion with lysosomes.

Enhanced light extraction efficiency for the inclined-sidewall-shaped AlGaN-based DUV LED by using an omni-directional reflector with a thin hybrid dielectric layer.

In this Letter, an omni-directional reflector (ODR) with a thin hybrid dielectric layer (hybrid-ODR) is proposed to enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE) for inclined-sidewall-shaped AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV LED) by inserting a thin diamond with high refraction index into a conventional Al/AlO-based ODR. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D FDTD) simulation results show that the LEE of TM-polarized light for the DUV LED with hybrid-ODR is enhanced by 18.5% compared with Al/AlO-based ODR.

Enhancing light extraction efficiency of the inclined-sidewall-shaped DUV micro-LED array by hybridizing a nanopatterned sapphire substrate and an air-cavity reflector.

In this work, we hybridize an air cavity reflector and a nanopatterned sapphire substrate (NPSS) for making an inclined-sidewall-shaped deep ultraviolet micro light-emitting diode (DUV micro-LED) array to enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE). A cost-effective hybrid photolithography process involving positive and negative photoresist (PR) is explored to fabricate air-cavity reflectors. The experimental results demonstrate a 9.

Exogenous silicon induces aluminum tolerance in white clover () by reducing aluminum uptake and enhancing organic acid secretion.

Excessive aluminum (Al) in acidic soils is a primary factor that hinders plant growth. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect and physiological mechanism of exogenous silicon (Si) in alleviating aluminum toxicity. Under hydroponic conditions, 4 mM Al significantly impeded the growth of white clover; however, pretreatments with 1 mM Si mitigated this inhibition, as evidenced by notable changes in growth indicators and physiological parameters.

On the origin of the enhanced light extraction efficiency of DUV LED by using inclined sidewalls.

It is known that light extraction efficiency (LEE) for AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be enhanced by using an inclined sidewall of mesa. However, the reported optimal inclined angles are different. In this work, to explore the origin for enhancing the LEE of DUV LED by using inclined sidewalls, we investigate the effect of an inclined sidewall angle on the LEE for AlGaN-based DUV LEDs with different mesa diameters by using ray tracing.

A PCB image segmentation model based on rotational X-ray computed laminography imaging.

Background: The rapid development of industrialization in printed circuit board (PCB) warrants more complexity and integrity, which entails an essential procedure of PCB inspection. X-ray computed laminography (CL) enables inspection of arbitrary regions for large-sized flat objects with high resolution. PCB inspection based on CL imaging is worthy of exploration.

Correction: Enhancing Specific-Antibody Production to the ragB Vaccine with GITRL That Expand Tfh, IFN-γ+ T Cells and Attenuates Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection in Mice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Tripeptidyl peptidase II coordinates the homeostasis of calcium and lipids in the central nervous system and its depletion causes presenile dementia in female mice through calcium/lipid dyshomeostasis-induced autophagic degradation of CYP19A1.

Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP2) has been proven to be related to human immune and neurological diseases. It is generally considered as a cytosolic protein which forms the largest known protease complex in eukaryotic cells to operate mostly downstream of proteasomes for degradation of longer peptides. However, this canonical function of TPP2 cannot explain its role in a wide variety of biological and pathogenic processes.

Palmitoylation is required for Sept8-204 and Sept5 to form vesicle-like structure and colocalize with synaptophysin.

Sept8 is a vesicle associated protein and there are two typical transcriptional variants (Sept8-204 and Sept8-201) expressed in mice brain. Interestingly, the coexpression of Sept8-204/Sept5 induces the formation of small sized vesicle-like structure, while that of the Sept8-201/Sept5 produces large puncta. Sept8 is previously shown to be palmitoylated.

Relationships among protozoa, bacteria and fungi in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

Soil bacterial and fungal communities play key roles in the degradation of organic contaminants, and their structure and function are regulated by bottom-up and top-down factors. Microbial ecological effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trophic interactions among protozoa and bacteria/fungi in PAH-polluted soils have yet to be determined. We investigated the trophic interactions and structure of the microbiome in PAH-contaminated wasteland and farmland soils.

Identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers associated with periodontitis by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tissues surrounding the teeth, including the gums and the bones supporting the teeth. Early detection and intervention are crucial for effective management of periodontitis. Our study aims to identify a diagnostic biomarker for periodontitis and explore the pathways associated with the occurrence and development of periodontitis.

BMP4 up-regulated by 630 nm LED irradiation is associated with the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by inflammatory response of joints with cartilage and damage of synovium and bone erosion. In our previous studies, it has showed that irradiation of 630 nm LED reduce inflammation of synovial fibroblasts and cartilage and bone destruction in RA. However, the key genes and mechanism in ameliorating RA by irradiation of 630 nm LED remains unknown.

Fungal community characteristics and driving factors in Bothriochloa ischaemum litter in a copper mining area.

Among influencing biotic and abiotic factors, microorganisms predominate litter decomposition, playing an important role in maintaining the ecosystem material cycle. Bothriochloa ischaemum was the dominant plant species in China's Eighteen River tailings dam, and it was selected as the research object. We explored the dynamic of fungal community characteristics in B.

Fabricating and investigating a beveled mesa with a specific inclination angle to improve electrical and optical performances for GaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes.

In this Letter, beveled mesas for 30 × 30 µm GaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) with different inclination angles are designed, fabricated, and measured. We find that µLED with a mesa inclination angle of 28° has the lowest internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and the highest injection current density at which the peak IQE is obtained. This is due to the increased quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) at the mesa edge.

Implications of LDH in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the value of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of pneumonia associated with the novel coronavirus infection.

Methods: A total of 101 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia were included in the study. According to the severity of the initial chest computed tomography (CT), the patients were divided into the ordinary pneumonia group and the severe pneumonia group and then divided into the remission group and the nonremission group according to the changes of the chest CT after medication treatment.