Biomarkers.

Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus is associated with both altered white matter microstructural integrity and increased risk of dementia. However, whether there is a link between the white matter changes in older adults with diabetes and their cognitive decline remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the association of diabetes-related changes in white-matter microstructural integrity with longitudinally assessed late-life cognitive function.

CLP-Net: an advanced artificial intelligence technique for localizing standard planes of cleft lip and palate by three-dimensional ultrasound in the first trimester.

Background: Early diagnosis of cleft lip and palate (CLP) requires a multiplane examination, demanding high technical proficiency from radiologists. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate the first artificial intelligence (AI)-based model (CLP-Net) for fully automated multi-plane localization in three-dimensional(3D) ultrasound during the first trimester.

Methods: This retrospective study included 418 (394 normal, 24 CLP) 3D ultrasound from 288 pregnant woman between July 2022 to October 2024 from Shenzhen Guangming District People's Hospital during the 11-13 weeks of pregnancy.

Targeting cholesterol-dependent adrenal steroidogenesis for management of primary aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common, salt-sensitive form of endocrine hypertension. Compared with essential hypertension (EH), PA is more susceptible to cardiorenal complications and metabolic risks. However, PA has a low screening rate and a poor response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs).

DNA palette code for time-series archival data storage.

The long-term preservation of large volumes of infrequently accessed cold data poses challenges to the storage community. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is considered a promising solution due to its inherent physical stability and significant storage density. The information density and decoding sequence coverage are two important metrics that influence the efficiency of DNA data storage.

Multiomics analysis reveals the involvement of NET1 in tumour immune regulation and malignant progression.

Neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 (NET1) is a member of the Ras homologue family member A (RhoA) subfamily of guanine nucleotide exchange factors and a key protein involved in the activation of Rho guanosine triphosphatases, which act as regulators of cell proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and cell movement and are crucial for cancer spread. Research has shown that NET1 can regulate the malignant biological functions of tumour cells, such as growth, invasion, and metastasis, and it is closely related to the progression of pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer. However, the comprehensive role and mechanistic function of NET1 in other types of cancer remain largely unexplored.

Enrichment of Nanoplastics in Waters Using Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction With Magnetic Biochar Adsorbents and Their Determination by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging water contaminants that threaten human health and ecological security. Developing a method for detecting NPs is significant because of their biological toxicity and mobility. In this study, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) combined with pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used for the pretreatment and qualitative detection of NPs in complex matrices to avoid sample dissolution and eluent usages.

Glioma Type Prediction with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging-A Standardized Multicenter Study.

The aim was to explore the performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating the molecular subtypes of adult-type gliomas. A multicenter MRI study with standardized imaging protocols, including DCE-MRI and DKI data of 81 patients with WHO grade 2-4 gliomas, was performed at six centers. The DCE-MRI and DKI parameter values were quantitatively evaluated in ROIs in tumor tissue and contralateral normal-appearing white matter.

Associations of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use with brain insulin signaling and neuropathology.

Objective: To examine the associations of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor use with postmortem brain insulin signaling and neuropathology.

Methods: Among Religious Orders Study participants, 150 deceased and autopsied older individuals (75 with diabetes matched to 75 without by age at death, sex, and education) had measurements of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and RAC-alpha serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT1) collected in the prefrontal cortex using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain infarcts, and cerebral vessel pathology data were assessed by systematic neuropathologic evaluations.

Neurophysiology of Resilience in Juvenile Fibromyalgia.

Objective: Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a chronic pain syndrome predominantly affecting adolescent girls. Resilience may be a protective factor in coping with pain, reducing affective burden, and promoting positive outlooks. Brain regions affected in JFM overlap with those linked to resilience, particularly in the default-mode network (DMN).

Convergent Neuroimaging and Molecular Signatures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Data-Driven Meta-Analysis with N = 3,118.

The current study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to regional brain atrophy and its biological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conducted data-driven meta-analyses to combine 3,118 structural magnetic resonance images from three datasets to obtain robust atrophy patterns. Then we introduced a set of radiogenomic analyses to investigate the biological basis of the atrophy patterns in AD.

Cephaliverins A-D, four new lignans from Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast.

Four new lignans named cephaliverins A-D (1-4), along with seven known analogues (5-11), were isolated from Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by ECD comparison. Cephaliverin A (1), herpetotriol (5) and hedyotol A (6) exhibited moderate antitumor activity against HepG2 and A549 cell lines.

Distributed electrified heating for efficient hydrogen production.

This study introduces a distributed electrified heating approach that is able to innovate chemical engineering involving endothermic reactions. It enables rapid and uniform heating of gaseous reactants, facilitating efficient conversion and high product selectivity at specific equilibrium. Demonstrated in catalyst-free CH pyrolysis, this approach achieves stable production of H (530 g h L ) and carbon nanotube/fibers through 100% conversion of high-throughput CH at 1150 °C, surpassing the results obtained from many complex metal catalysts and high-temperature technologies.

Associations of Serum Insulin and Related Measures With Neuropathology and Cognition in Older Persons With and Without Diabetes.

Objective: To examine associations of serum insulin and related measures with neuropathology and cognition in older persons.

Methods: We studied 192 older persons (96 with diabetes and 96 without, matched by sex and balanced by age-at-death, education, and postmortem interval) from a community-based, clinical-pathologic study of aging, with annual evaluations including neuropsychological testing (summarized into global cognition and 5 cognitive domains) and postmortem autopsy. We assessed serum insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, hemoglobin A1C, advanced glycation-end products (AGEs), and receptors for advanced glycation-end products, and calculated the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio.

Bio-based anode material production for lithium-ion batteries through catalytic graphitization of biochar: the deployment of hybrid catalysts.

Producing sustainable anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) through catalytic graphitization of renewable biomass has gained significant attention. However, the technology is in its early stages due to the bio-graphite's comparatively low electrochemical performance in LIBs. This study aims to develop a process for producing LIB anode materials using a hybrid catalyst to enhance battery performance, along with readily available market biochar as the raw material.

Brain Insulin Signaling is Associated with Late-Life Cognitive Decline.

Type-2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of dementia, and the underlying mechanism might involve abnormal insulin signaling in the brain. The objective of this study was to examine the association of postmortem brain insulin signaling with late-life cognitive decline. Among participants of Religious Orders Study, a community-based clinical-pathological cohort, 150 deceased and autopsied older individuals (75 with diabetes matched to 75 without by age at death, sex, and education) had postmortem brain insulin signaling measurements collected in the prefrontal cortex using ELISA and immunohistochemistry.

Diterpenolignans and cephalotane diterpenoids from Cephalotaxus oliveri mast. with antitumor activity.

Four undescribed naturally diterpenolignans, and two cephalotane diterpenoids, along with seven known compounds, including two pairs of enantiomers, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic data interpretation, chiral-phase HPLC analysis, NMR calculations, and electronic circular dichroism analysis. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three kinds of human tumor cell lines.

Review on neuroimaging in pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas.

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5) has identified a new classification system for tumors of the brain and spinal cord, highlighting the pivotal role of molecular diagnosis in accurately categorizing neoplasms. In addition to previous classifications, one of the key distinctions lies in categorizing pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (pDLGGs) and pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas (pDHGGs) as distinct tumor types. Although similar in histology and morphology, pediatric diffuse gliomas are completely different from the adult type with respect to the molecular genetic characteristics, prognosis, and treatment strategies.

Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat () Larvae.

Red coloration is considered an economically important trait in some fish species, including spotted scat, a marine aquaculture fish. Erythrophores are gradually covered by melanophores from the embryonic stage. Despite studies of black spot formation and melanophore coloration in the species, little is known about erythrophore development, which is responsible for red coloration.

Covariation of preadult environmental exposures, adult brain imaging phenotypes, and adult personality traits.

Exposure to preadult environmental exposures may have long-lasting effects on mental health by affecting the maturation of the brain and personality, two traits that interact throughout the developmental process. However, environment-brain-personality covariation patterns and their mediation relationships remain unclear. In 4297 healthy participants (aged 18-30 years), we combined sparse multiple canonical correlation analysis with independent component analysis to identify the three-way covariation patterns of 59 preadult environmental exposures, 760 adult brain imaging phenotypes, and five personality traits, and found two robust environment-brain-personality covariation models with sex specificity.

Reduced Cortico-Cortical Resting-State Connectivity in Sensory Systems Related to Bodily Pain in Juvenile Fibromyalgia.

Objective: Juvenile-onset fibromyalgia (JFM) is a paradigmatic chronic pain condition for which the underlying neurobiological substrates are poorly understood. This study examined, for the first time, data-driven resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) alterations in 37 female adolescents with JFM compared with 43 healthy female adolescents and identified associations with bodily pain.

Methods: Whole-brain voxel-wise rsFC alterations were assessed using the intrinsic connectivity contrast, a measure of node centrality at each voxel, and seed-based analyses for interpretability.

State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment.

"Functional connector" strategy on tunable organo-vermiculites: The superb adsorption towards Congo Red.

With the increasingly worldwide concentration of environmental pollution, exploiting cost-effective adsorbents has been a research hotspot. Here we introduce novel "functional connector" amide-containing gemini surfactants (LDAB, LDAPP, LDAMP and LDABP) and apply to modify Na-vermiculite (Na-Vt) for Congo red (CR) removal. Chain amide as the functional connector in the modifier, increases 6.