Zika Virus NS1 Drives Tunneling Nanotube Formation for Mitochondrial Transfer, Enhanced Survival, Interferon Evasion, and Stealth Transmission in Trophoblasts.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection continues to pose a significant public health concern due to limited available preventive measures and treatments. ZIKV is unique among flaviviruses in its vertical transmission capacity (i.e.

The modulation of platelet function by growth hormone in growth hormone deficient Hypopituitary patients.

Background: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has been implicated in increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk seen in hypopituitarism, however the mechanism remains speculative. We hypothesise that platelet abnormalities may play a contributory role. Herein we examined platelet behaviour in GHD hypopituitary patients, pre- and post-growth hormone (GH) replacement.

Pro-stride and extracorporeal shockwave therapy as treatment of lateral collateral desmopathy of the proximal interphalangeal joint in a Dutch Warmblood gelding.

A 6-year-old chestnut Dutch Warmblood gelding was presented for right front lameness 1 mo after being cast in a stall at a 1.20-meter jumping event. Lameness work-up revealed mild lameness on the right and left front legs, with diffuse swelling over the right front pastern.

A Prospective Investigation of the Impact of Telemedicine and Telemetry on Global Medical Evacuation Rates.

Objectives: This study examines whether the availability of telemedicine on offshore installations reduces medical evacuation rates.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study on offshore platforms in the United States, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom. Emergency evacuation rates were compared between locations with telemedicine (United States) and 2 control groups without telemedicine (Malaysia, United Kingdom).

Stakeholders' views on volunteering in mental health: an international focus group study.

Objectives: Explore the views of two main stakeholders: mental health professionals and volunteers from three European countries, on the provision of volunteering in mental healthcare.

Design: A multicountry, multilingual and multicultural qualitative focus group study (n=24) with n=119 participants.

Participants: Volunteers and mental health professionals in three European countries (Belgium, Portugal and the UK).

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors targeting Mpro and PLpro using in-cell-protease assay.

SARS-CoV-2 proteases Mpro and PLpro are promising targets for antiviral drug development. In this study, we present an antiviral screening strategy involving a novel in-cell protease assay, antiviral and biochemical activity assessments, as well as structural determinations for rapid identification of protease inhibitors with low cytotoxicity. We identified eight compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity from a library of 64 repurposed drugs and modeled at protease active sites by in silico docking.

Comparison of press-fit versus peripherally cemented hybrid glenoid components in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: minimum 5-year follow-up.

Background: A common complication of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) is aseptic glenoid loosening. Monoblock polyethylene glenoid components with backside ingrowth or on-growth utilize hybrid fixation, with cementation of the peripheral pegs and central ingrowth or on-growth of bone have been designed to decrease glenoid loosening. However, there is a paucity of midterm data comparing cementation of the peripheral peg holes versus all press-fit implantation for hybrid glenoid constructs.

Structure-based inhibitor design and repurposing clinical drugs to target SARS-CoV-2 proteases.

SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, encodes two proteases, 3CLpro and PLpro, two of the main antiviral research targets. Here we provide an overview of the structures and functions of 3CLpro and PLpro and examine strategies of structure-based drug designing and drug repurposing against these proteases. Rational structure-based drug design enables the generation of potent and target-specific antivirals.

Surgical Outcomes of Obese Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis From Endemic Areas of Obesity in the United States.

Background: Obesity rates continue to rise among children and adolescents across the globe. A multicenter research consortium composed of institutions in the Southern US, located in states endemic for childhood obesity, was formed to evaluate the effect of obesity on pediatric musculoskeletal disorders. This study evaluates the effect of body mass index (BMI) percentile and socioeconomic status (SES) on surgical site infections (SSIs) and perioperative complications in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated with posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Selective Auditory Attention Associated With Language Skills but Not With Executive Functions in Swedish Preschoolers.

Associations between language and executive functions (EFs) are well-established but previous work has often focused more on EFs than on language. To further clarify the language-EF relationship, we assessed several aspects of language and EFs in 431 Swedish children aged 4-6, including selective auditory attention which was measured in an event-related potential paradigm. We also investigated potential associations to age, socioeconomic status (SES), bi-/multilingualism, sex and aspects of preschool attendance and quality.

Bilateral Atypical Femur Fractures Complicated by Carbon Fiber Cephalomedullary Nail Fracture: A Case Report.

Case: A 69-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer, on long-term antiresorptive medications, was treated with carbon fiber cephalomedullary nails for bilateral atypical femur fractures. Her thigh pain was presumed to be from metastatic lesions and was treated with radiation without standard imaging. The index procedure was complicated by a left nail fracture.

Age-related hearing loss and provider-patient communication across primary and secondary care settings: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) increases with age. Older adults are amongst the most dependent users of healthcare and most vulnerable to medical error. This study examined health professionals' strategies, as well as level of formal training completed, for communication with older adults with ARHL, and their views on the contribution of ARHL to suboptimal quality of patient care.

Are trials of psychological and psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia and psychosis included in the NICE guidelines pragmatic? A systematic review.

Introduction: The NICE clinical guidelines on psychosocial interventions for the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis in adults are based on the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which may not be studies with a pragmatic design, leading to uncertainty on applicability or recommendations to everyday clinical practice.

Aim: To assess the level of pragmatism of the evidence used to develop the NICE guideline for psychosocial interventions in psychoses.

Material And Methods: We conducted a systematic and critical appraisal of RCTs used to develop the 'psychological therapy and psychosocial interventions' section of the NICE guideline on the treatment and management of psychosis and schizophrenia in adults, published in 2014.

A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children's language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills.

Background: During the preschool years, children's development of skills like language and communication, executive functions, and socioemotional comprehension undergo dramatic development. Still, our knowledge of how these skills are enhanced is limited. The preschool contexts constitute a well-suited arena for investigating these skills and hold the potential for giving children an equal opportunity preparing for the school years to come.

Characteristics, motivations and experiences of volunteer befrienders for people with mental illness: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: The literature suggests that many people in the general population tend to distance themselves from those with mental illness. However, there are volunteers that behave differently, spending their free time with people with mental illness and providing direct input in the form of befriending. Whilst there are a range of befriending programmes, little is known about who these volunteer befrienders are, and a previous review of different forms of volunteering in mental health care found data on only 63 befrienders.

A protocol for a three-arm cluster randomized controlled superiority trial investigating the effects of two pedagogical methodologies in Swedish preschool settings on language and communication, executive functions, auditive selective attention, socioemotional skills and early maths skills.

Background: During the preschool years, children develop abilities and skills in areas crucial for later success in life. These abilities include language, executive functions, attention, and socioemotional skills. The pedagogical methods used in preschools hold the potential to enhance these abilities, but our knowledge of which pedagogical practices aid which abilities, and for which children, is limited.

Conceptualizing resilience in adult mental health literature: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Purpose: This review aims to identify how the term 'resilience' is conceptualized across adult mental health research due to ongoing criticism regarding the lack of consistency in its conceptualization.

Method: A systematic search, including hand searches of book chapters, was conducted using search terms ('resilien*') AND ('mental illness' OR 'mental health problem'). Papers were excluded if they did not meet the following criteria: written in English, provide a clear conceptualization of resilience, include only adults (aged 18 + ) in the sample, solely focus on individuals with a primary diagnosis of mental illness, and peer-reviewed.

Attitudes towards severe mental illness and social distance: A survey of volunteer befrienders in Austria.

Background: Research suggests there is a propensity for people in the general population to distance themselves from people with severe mental illness (SMI), which reportedly decreases with increased contact with individuals with SMI. Volunteer befrienders in the mental health sector have ongoing contact with this population, yet little data exist to reflect their attitudes towards people with SMI.

Method: A questionnaire was distributed to all volunteer befrienders for people with SMI within volunteering programmes organised in five Austrian regions.

Characteristics and motivations of volunteers providing one-to-one support for people with mental illness: a survey in Austria.

Purpose: Large numbers of volunteers provide one-to-one support for people with mental illness, sometimes referred to as befriending. However, there has been very little research on their characteristics and motivations. This study aimed to assess the personal characteristics and motivations of such volunteers across different regions in Austria.

Medicare Costs Associated With Arteriovenous Fistulas Among US Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the recommended vascular access for hemodialysis (HD). Previous studies have not examined the resources and costs associated with creating and maintaining AVFs.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Preferences for befriending schemes: a survey of patients with severe mental illness.

Background: Befriending has become a widely used method for tackling social isolation in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), and evidence exists to support its effectiveness. However, patient preferences for befriending remain unclear. We aimed to determine whether patients with SMI want a volunteer befriender and, if so, the volunteer characteristics and character of the relationship they would prefer.

Medical evacuations in the oil and gas industry: a retrospective review with implications for future evacuation and preventative strategies.

Background: Businesses increasingly conduct operations in remote areas where medical evacuation [Medevac(s)] carries more risk. Royal Dutch Shell developed a remote healthcare strategy whereby enhanced remote healthcare is made available to the patient through use of telemedicine and telemetry. To evaluate that strategy, a review of Medevacs of Shell International employees [i.

Business travelers' risk perception of infectious diseases: where are the knowledge gaps, and how serious are they?

Background: Many studies have explored the risk perception of frequent business travelers (FBT) toward malaria. However, less is known about their knowledge of other infectious diseases. This study aimed to identify knowledge gaps by determining the risk perception of FBT toward 11 infectious diseases.