An all-in-one nanoparticle for overcoming drug resistance: doxorubicin and elacridar co-loaded folate receptor targeted PLGA/MSN hybrid nanoparticles.

Overexpression of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter leads to multidrug resistance (MDR) through cellular exclusion of chemotherapeutics. Co-administration of P-gp inhibitors and chemotherapeutics is a promising approach for improving the efficacy of therapy. Nevertheless, problems in pharmacokinetics, toxicity and solubility limit the application of P-gp inhibitors.

Individualized hemodialysis: Is similar hemodialysis adequacy possible using less water?

Background And Aim: There are over 60,000 hemodialysis (HD) patients in Türkiye, and the number of patients is increasing yearly. Dialysate flow rate (Qd) is a factor in HD adequacy. Approximately 150 L of water are consumed per session to prepare the dialysate.

Overlooked factor in the etiology of pruritus in hemodialysis patients: Ultrafiltration volume.

Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between ultrafiltration (UF) volume and pruritus severity based on the idea that skin perfusion and inflammatory changes occur in dialysis patients with high UF volume.

Materials And Methods: This observational study included 392 patients. Patients filled out the Numerical Rating Scale, Verbal Rating Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale, showing the severity of pruritis.

Can eculizumab be an option in traditional treatment-resistant ulcerative colitis?

Atypical/complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (A-HUS/CM-HUS) is a hereditary or sporadic disease with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Diarrhea is a trigger that can cause attacks of CM-HUS. Although there are opinions that complement system activation plays a role in intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, the association of TMA with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has rarely been reported.

Acute kidney injury in Turkey: epidemiological characteristics, etiology, clinical course, and prognosis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the etiologies, comorbidities, and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in Turkey and determine any potential differences among different geographical parts of the country.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted by the Acute Kidney Injury Working Group of the Turkish Society of Nephrology. Demographical and clinical data of patients with AKI at the time of diagnosis and at the 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months of diagnosis were evaluated to determine patient and renal survival and factors associated with patient prognosis.

The Longitudinal Evolution of Post-COVID-19 Outcomes Among Hemodialysis Patients in Turkey.

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have increased risk for short-term adverse outcomes of COVID-19. However, complications and survival at the post-COVID-19 period have not been published extensively.

Methods: We conducted a national, multicenter observational study that included adult maintenance HD patients recovered from confirmed COVID-19.

Are Kidney Donor Risk Index/Kidney Donor Profile Index Scores Predictor of Future Graft Function?

Kidney donor profile index (KDPI) is a method developed to assess donor kidney quality for cadaveric transplants. We investigated the relationship between kidney donor risk index (KDRI) and KDPI scores of cadaveric transplants in the last five years in our clinic and current graft conditions. Forty people (12 females, 28 males; mean age, 46.

The relationship between FGF23 and anemia in HD and renal transplant patients.

Purpose: Recent studies claim that FGF23 is also associated with anemia and inflammation. In this study, the relationship between FGF23 and anemia in hemodialysis (HD) and renal transplantation patients (RTx patients) patients was investigated.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 40 RTx patients (13 females, 27 males; mean age, 45.

Predicting the outcome of COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients.

Background: We aimed to present the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes of our multicenter cohort of adult KTx recipients with COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study using data of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 collected from 34 centers in Turkey. Demographic characteristics, clinical findings, laboratory parameters (hemogram, CRP, AST, ALT, LDH, and ferritin) at admission and follow-up, and treatment strategies were reviewed.

Determinants of mortality in a large group of hemodialysis patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

Background: Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to describe clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics and determinants of mortality in a large group of MHD patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study collected data from 47 nephrology clinics in Turkey.

Mortality analysis of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal transplant patients compared with patients without kidney disease: a nationwide analysis from Turkey.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immunosuppression, such as in renal transplantation (RT), stand as one of the established potential risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case morbidity and mortality rates for any type of infection have always been much higher in CKD, haemodialysis (HD) and RT patients than in the general population. A large study comparing COVID-19 outcome in moderate to advanced CKD (Stages 3-5), HD and RT patients with a control group of patients is still lacking.

Irritable bowel syndrome frequency and related factors in hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease that is common in society, does not threaten life, impairs quality of life, and causes serious economic losses. Gastrointestinal system complaints and especially IBS are common in patients with chronic kidney disease. It has also been shown that psychiatric diseases are more common in patients with IBS.

The characteristics of patients returning to hemodialysis due to nonfunctioning graft in Turkey.

Renal transplantation is the most effective treatment modality for end-stage renal failure. According to the Ministry of Health Organ Transplant Registration System, despite the presence of 14,936 renal transplant recipients in Turkey, there are not enough data about the prognosis of these patients. Therefore, we aimed to ascertain the rate of patients returning to hemodialysis (HD) due to nonfunctioning graft in our country.

The Relationship Between Visceral Adiposity Index and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction And Aim: Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral fat depot of the heart, was found to be associated with coronary artery disease in cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Increased visceral adiposity is associated with proinflammatory activity, impaired insulin sensitivity, increased risk of atherosclerosis and high mortality.

Independent predictive factors for the persistence and tolerance of cow's milk allergy.

Background: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is usually transient, with most children tolerating ingested cow's milk by 3 years of age. This study aimed to determine factors that promote or hindering the development of tolerance to CMPA.

Methods: A logistic regression model was used to determine independent risk factors associated with tolerance and persistence of CMPA.

The Prevalence of Fabry Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Turkey: The TURKFAB Study.

Background/aims: Fabry disease is a treatable cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by a genetic deficiency of α-galactosidase A. European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) recommends screening for Fabry disease in CKD patients. However, this is based on expert opinion and there are no reports of the prevalence of Fabry disease in stage 1-5 CKD.

Assessment of abdominal aortic calcification at different stages of chronic kidney disease.

Purpose: Vascular calcifications that may cause cardiovascular disease are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to determine abdominal aorta calcifications (AAC) in predialysis and hemodialysis patients by lateral lumbar radiography and to investigate factors that were associated with the calcifications.

Methods: Two hundred and fifty-nine adult chronic hemodialysis patients, 300 predialysis CKD patients and 60 healthy subjects with normal kidney function as a control group were enrolled in the study.

KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria as a predictor of hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients.

Background/aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent in cirrhotic patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. Recently, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization recommended new criteria for the diagnosis and staging for AKI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of AKI according to KDIGO criteria in cirrhotic patients admitted to the hospital and to determine its association with hospital mortality.

Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin family best known as a novel and early marker of acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent data suggest that NGQueryAL is not only a marker of AKI, but also an important player in the vascular remodeling, atherosclerotic plaque stability and thrombus formation. We conducted this study to investigate the association of serum NGAL levels with fatal and composite (fatal and non-fatal) cardiovascular events (CVE) in a cohort of patients with stage 1-5 CKD.

Serum uric acid may predict development of progressive acute kidney injury after open heart surgery.

Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cardiac surgery developing in 25-35% cases. Recently, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was shown to predict AKI development earlier than serum creatinine. Some studies demonstrated the predictive role of post-operative serum uric acid (SUA) as an early marker of AKI.

Drug Dose Adjustment in Dialysis Patients Admitted in Clinics Other Than Internal Medicine.

Many drugs that are administered during hospitalization are metabolized or excreted through kidneys, consequently require dosage adjustment. We aimed to investigate inappropriate prescription of drugs requiring renal dose adjustment (RDA) in various surgical and medical inpatient clinics. We retrospectively determined dialysis patients hospitalized between January 2007 and December 2010.

The relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and epicardial adipose tissue in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.

Introduction: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the true visceral fat depot of the heart. The relationship between coronary artery disease and EAT was shown in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. One of the established risk factor in this population is dyslipidemia.

Soluble TWEAK independently predicts atherosclerosis in renal transplant patients.

Background: Cardiovascular risk is increased in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also found to be ongoing in renal transplant (Rtx) patients. As a sign of atherosclerosis, increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been widely accepted as a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in CKD patients. A novel markers, soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were introduced as potential markers in inflammatory disorders including CKD.