Urban environment during pregnancy, cognitive abilities, motor function, and externalizing and internalizing symptoms at 2-5 years old in 3 Canadian birth cohorts.

Background: More than 80% of the Canadian population lives in urban settings. Urban areas usually bring exposure to poorer air quality, less access to green spaces, and higher building density. These environmental factors may endanger child development.

Developing non-response weights to account for attrition-related bias in a longitudinal pregnancy cohort.

Background: Prospective cohorts may be vulnerable to bias due to attrition. Inverse probability weights have been proposed as a method to help mitigate this bias. The current study used the "All Our Families" longitudinal pregnancy cohort of 3351 maternal-infant pairs and aimed to develop inverse probability weights using logistic regression models to predict study continuation versus drop-out from baseline to the three-year data collection wave.

You exhaust me! Air pollution exposure near schools during pick-up and drop-off times.

Background: Public and healthcare practitioner awareness of climate change and the longitudinal health impacts of air pollution is growing; however, it is not always clear how to implement practical and feasible steps that individuals and communities can take to help decrease air pollution and protect children, and it can be challenging to request and enforce behaviour changes that the public associates with perceived personal inconvenience. In this context, it is important to consider common, chronic exposures that increase children's risks, especially when straightforward solutions with minimal negative impact where significant evidence-based positive results are available.

Aims: This article provides simple tips that healthcare providers, parents, and communities can use to advocate for decreased idling in school zones to improve air quality in and around schools.

Blame attribution analysis of police motor vehicle collision reports involving child bicyclists.

Background: Injuries resulting from collisions between a bicyclist and driver are preventable and have high economic, personal and societal costs. Studying the language choices used by police officers to describe factors responsible for child bicyclist-motor vehicle collisions may help shift prevention efforts away from vulnerable road users to motorists and the environment. The overall aim was to investigate how police officers attribute blame in child (≤18 years) bicycle-motor vehicle collision scenarios.

Oxidative stress and DNA damage resulting from welding fumes exposure among professional welders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the associations between welding fumes exposure and changes in oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] and DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and DNA-protein crosslink (DPC)] markers in professional welders (PROSPERO CRD42022298115). Six electronic bibliographic databases were searched from inception through September 2021 to identify observational epidemiological studies evaluating the association between welding fumes exposures and changes in oxidative stress and DNA damage in professional welders. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence.

Predicting prolonged length of stay in hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. This study aimed to predict the prolonged length of stay in children admitted to hospital with RSV.

Methods: Children aged <2 years with RSV in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) were included in the analyses.

The effectiveness of booster seat use in motor vehicle collisions.

Background: Alberta remains the only province in Canada without booster seat legislation. To date, analyses of booster seat effectiveness compared with seatbelt only use have demonstrated mixed findings using observational data.

Methods: This study uses Alberta police collision report data for the years 2010-2016, inclusive.

Identifying modifiable factors related to novice adolescent driver fault in motor vehicle collisions.

Objective: Novice adolescent drivers have a higher propensity to engage in risky driving and are at higher odds of being involved in collisions. Graduated driver licensing programs have been instituted to help novice drivers gain experience while avoiding higher risk driving circumstances. This study examines modifiable risk factors contributing to novice adolescent driver fault in collisions.

The Relationship of Urban Form on Children and Adolescent Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Canadian Evidence.

Urban form can have an impact on health outcomes in children, and the synthesis of findings can identify gaps in the literature and regional reviews may help guide policymakers. This study aims to complete a scoping review of the research relating urban form to health outcomes in children and adolescents from urban Canadian settings. Thirteen online databases were searched to identify studies that had objective measures of urban form and health outcomes.

Identifying motorist characteristics associated with youth bicycle-motor vehicle collisions.

The objective of this study was to identify driver characteristics associated with youth bicycle-motor vehicle collisions in Alberta, Canada. Edmonton and Calgary police collision report data from the years 2010-2014 were used. From these data, motor vehicle collisions involving youth (<18 years old) were identified (cases).

Driver and road characteristics associated with child pedestrian injuries.

Background: Child pedestrians make up a significant proportion of all road traffic deaths. Our primary objective was to examine the association of driver characteristics with child pedestrian injuries with a secondary objective to broadly describe the road characteristics surrounding these collisions.

Methods: We included drivers involved in child (<18 years old) pedestrian motor-vehicle collisions (PMVCs) in Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta (2010-2015).

Child and adolescent bicycling injuries involving motor vehicle collisions.

Background: Bicycle-related injuries are among the most common recreational injuries for children in Canada; moreover, bicycle-motor vehicle collisions often result in serious injuries. This study seeks to examine environmental, motorist, and bicyclist characteristics of bicycle-motor vehicle collisions that resulted in police reported severe injuries in youth (< 18 years old) bicyclists, in Alberta, Canada.

Findings: Using Calgary and Edmonton police collision reports, 423 youth bicycle-motor vehicle collisions were identified from 2010 to 2014.

Adaptation of a Canadian culpability scoring tool to Alberta police traffic collision report data.

The objective of this study was to adapt a previously validated Canadian Culpability Scoring Tool (CCST) to Alberta police report data. Police traffic collision reports from motor vehicle (MV) collisions in Calgary and Edmonton (Alberta, Canada) from 2010 to 2014 were used. Adaptation of the CCST was completed with input from personnel within Alberta Transportation, contributing to face and content validity.