Understanding Speech-Language Pathology and Surgical Interventions for Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction.

This review provides an overview of existing data from the literature summarizing therapies for exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) with 2 main areas of focus. We discuss the role of speech-language pathologists in the assessment and treatment of EILO and an overview of different respiratory retraining techniques used in the behavioral management of the disease. We then discuss the role and some of the technical specifics of supraglottoplasty (SGP) for refractory supraglottic EILO, including patient selection and similarities between SGPs performed for EILO and for infants with laryngomalacia.

Microchimerism in multiple sclerosis: The association between sex of offspring and MRI features in women with multiple sclerosis.

Aims: During pregnancy, fetal cells can migrate to the mother blood circulation. A percentage of these cells survive in maternal tissues for decades generating a population of fetal microchimeric cells (fMCs), whose biological role is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the sex of offspring, an indirect marker of fMCs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in women with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Use of Medicinal Plants in Africa: A Case Study From the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Although medicinal plants are beneficial, they also can be important risk factors for the development of acute and chronic kidney injury, as well toxicity of other solid organs. There are a lack of reports of adverse kidney events and drug interactions resulting from medicinal plants owing to a lack of professional surveillance and specific data on kidney toxicity, especially in low-resource settings. Within the context of increased medicinal plant use and lack of effective regulatory control, safety is a key priority issue.

Determinants of Patients' Adherence to Malaria Treatment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

(1) Background: Malaria heavily affects the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) despite the use of effective drugs. Poor adherence to malaria treatment may contribute to this problem. (2) Methods: In one rural and one urban health area in each of the 11 former provinces of the DRC, all households with a case of malaria in the 15 days preceding the survey were selected and the patients or caregivers were interviewed.

Clinical Onset and Multiple Sclerosis Relapse after SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with several neurological disorders including headache, facial palsy, encephalitis, stroke, demyelinating disorders. The present report will discuss cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) onset and relapse both beginning early after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In both cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed widespread bilateral subcortical and periventricular active lesions.

Knowledge of Antimalarials and Health Seeking Behaviour of Households in Case of Suspected Malaria in Democratic Republic of the Congo.

(1) Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is heavily affected by malaria despite availability of effective treatments. Ignorance and unrecommended behaviour toward a suspected malaria case in households may contribute to this problem. (2) Method: In communities of one rural and one urban Health Centres in each of the 11 previous provinces of DRC, all households with a case of malaria in the 15 days prior to the survey were selected.

Radiomics and Prostate MRI: Current Role and Future Applications.

Multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is widely used as a triage test for men at a risk of prostate cancer. However, the traditional role of mpMRI was confined to prostate cancer staging. Radiomics is the quantitative extraction and analysis of minable data from medical images; it is emerging as a promising tool to detect and categorize prostate lesions.

Deep Learning Network for Segmentation of the Prostate Gland With Median Lobe Enlargement in T2-weighted MR Images: Comparison With Manual Segmentation Method.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to evaluate a fully automated deep learning network named Efficient Neural Network (ENet) for segmentation of prostate gland with median lobe enlargement compared to manual segmentation.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred-three patients with median lobe enlargement on prostate MRI were retrospectively included. Ellipsoid formula, manual segmentation and automatic segmentation were used for prostate volume estimation using T2 weighted MRI images.

Imaging of Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the degeneration of the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNc) with dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. Although the diagnosis of PD is principally based on a clinical assessment, great efforts have been expended over the past two decades to evaluate reliable biomarkers for PD. Among these biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based biomarkers may play a key role.

Transcranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound with a 1.5 Tesla Scanner: A Prospective Intraindividual Comparison Study of Intraoperative Imaging.

Background: High-quality intraoperative imaging is needed for optimal monitoring of patients undergoing transcranial MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) thalamotomy. In this paper, we compare the intraoperative imaging obtained with dedicated FUS-Head coil and standard body radiofrequency coil in tcMRgFUS thalamotomy using 1.5-T MR scanner.

Hemorragic presentation of Listeria Monocytogenes rhombencephalic abscess.

bacterium is a cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection and the most common cause of rhombencephalitis in immunocompetent elderly.A prompt identification of this condition should be always desirable, since its clinical manifestations are often unspecific with prodromal symptoms leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality if underestimated.CNS listeriosis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are generally not specific.

Malignancy course of pituitary adenoma in MEN1 syndrome: Clinical-Neuroradiological signs.

Pituitary carcinomas (PCa) are extremely rare, indistinguishable from pituitary adenomas on histopathological grounds and have a poor prognosis. Most PCa start as PRL or ACTH secreting tumors in males, with relapsing invasive behaviour, refractoriness to medical and radiotherapy and increasing hormonal levels. The presence of distant metastases is still required for the diagnosis of PCa.

Four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in iatrogenic immunocompromised patients.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by John Cunningham Virus (JCV). We report four PML cases in immunocompromised patients, respectively treated with (1) Natalizumab, (2) Rituximab, (3) autologous stem-cell transplantation, and (4) Tacrolimus. All patients underwent neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), JCV-DNA research on biological samples, and lymphocytes subpopulation study.

Increased functional connectivity in gambling disorder correlates with behavioural and emotional dysregulation: Evidence of a role for the cerebellum.

Gambling disorder (GD) is a psychiatric disease that has been recently classified as a behavioural addiction. So far, a very few studies have investigated the alteration of functional connectivity in GD patients, thus the concrete interplay between relevant function-dependent circuitries in such disease has not been comprehensively assessed. The aim of this research was to investigate resting-state functional connectivity in GD patients, searching for a correlation with GD symptoms severity.

Development of a pharmacovigilance system in a resource-limited country: the experience of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Implementation of pharmacovigilance (PV) systems in resource-limited countries is a real endeavor. Despite country- and continent-specific challenges, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been able to develop one of the most active PV systems in the sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) regional Office identified the DRC experience to set up a PV system for antimalarial drugs safety monitoring as a 'best practice' that needed to be documented in order to help DRC improve its PV system and to be scaled up in other African countries.

Airway Biopsy Results From Patients With Suspected Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (2005-2015): Clinicopathological Correlation and Proposal of an Algorithm to Improve Diagnosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the histologic diagnostic yield of airway biopsies with a suspected granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) diagnosis at a single center devoted to respiratory diseases using previously published criteria. A secondary aim was to apply the algorithm proposed by the European Medicines Agency to determine whether more biopsies were confidently identified as having GPA diagnoses.

Methods: From a total of 132 airway biopsies (2005-2015), 50 were randomly selected for second review by an expert pathologist, and previously published criteria were applied.

Barotraumatic blowout fracture of the orbit after sneezing: Cone beam CT demonstration.

A 40-year-old man with no history of trauma or previous sinus surgery complained sudden right diplopia after vigorous sneezing. The patient was submitted elsewhere to a MRI study for persisting diplopia, with inconclusive findings. One week later the patient was submitted to a maxillofacial cone beam CT (CBCT) in our Institution.

The burnout phenomenon among student radiographers: a single centre experience.

Objectives: Burnout syndrome is a condition that may occur not only for staff in human service sectors/jobs, involving intensive interactions with others, but also people that are engaged in activities psychologically similar to work, such as students. Radiographers in training suffer double stress, first linked to the status of being a university student and secondly as early career workers who have relations with the public of the health system. Aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and levels of burnout syndrome among radiographers in training in an University Hospital.

Drug use in the management of uncomplicated malaria in public health facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Background: Malaria the first causes of death from parasitic infection worldwide. Interventions to reduce the burden of malaria have produced a tremendous drop in malaria morbidity and mortality. However, progress is slower in DRC, which shares with Nigeria 39% of deaths related to malaria globally.

Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders Following Ivermectin Mass Administration: A Descriptive Study Based on the Democratic Republic of Congo Pharmacovigilance System.

Introduction: The mainstay of onchocerciasis control currently is mass administration of ivermectin; however, this may be associated with serious adverse events, including deaths, when administered in areas where onchocerciasis and loiasis are co-endemic.

Objectives: The objective of the current study was to describe the central and peripheral nervous system disorders that occurred after mass administration of ivermectin in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study involving a review of data on adverse events related to mass administration of ivermectin.

Severe microscopic polyangiitis with unilateral vocal cord paralysis as initial manifestation.

Case Description: A 16 year-old female who presented with initial ear, nose and throat manifestations who later progressed to severe renal disease, requiring hemodialysis after 11 months of unique laryngeal involvement.

Clinical Findings: Unilateral vocal cord paralysis without other symptoms or signs, but with positive perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibodies, followed an unfavorable course months later with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Renal biopsy confirmed an ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Assessment of cerebral microbleeds by susceptibility-weighted imaging in Alzheimer's disease patients: A neuroimaging biomarker of the disease.

Purpose The objective of this study was to correlate the presence and distribution of cerebral microbleeds in Alzheimer's disease patients with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels) and cognitive decline by using susceptibility-weighted imaging magnetic resonance sequences at 1.5 T. Material and methods Fifty-four consecutive Alzheimer's disease patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at 1.

Umbilical venous catheters placement evaluation on frontal radiogram: application of a simplified flow-chart for radiology residents.

Background: Umbilical Venous Catheter (UVC) are commonly used in neonatal period; they can be not correctly positioned and could be associated with complications. The purpose of this article is to suggest a flow-chart to evaluate the placement of UVC, testing it in young radiologists-in-training.

Method: We developed a simple flow-chart to asses, steps by step, UVC placement considering its course and tip location (ideally placed in the atriocaval junction).

Corrigendum to "Radiological Features of Gastrointestinal Lymphoma".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/2498143.].