Seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody and implications for vaccination policy in Vietnam's South-central coast: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Diphtheria is a re-emerging infectious disease and public health concern worldwide and in Vietnam with increasing cases in recent years. This study aimed to assess the anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies status in Khanh Hoa Province and identify factors contributing to the vaccination policy in the south-central coast of Vietnam.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies among 1,195 participants, aged 5 - 40 years in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam.

Trends in prediabetes and diabetes prevalence and associated risk factors in Vietnamese adults.

Objectives: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing in Vietnam, particularly among adults aged over 45 years. This study estimated trends in diabetes and prediabetes prevalence and determined risk factors in Vietnamese adults (over 45 years).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from an annual diabetes screening program among people aged 45-69 years in an urban city in central Vietnam (Da Nang).

Preparation of lignopolyols from wheat straw soda lignin.

Wheat straw soda lignin was modified and characterized by several qualitative and quantitative methods such as (31)P NMR spectroscopy to evaluate its potential as a substitute for polyols in view of polyurethane applications. Chemical modification of the lignin was achieved with propylene oxide to form lignopolyol derivatives. This was performed by a two-step reaction of lignin with maleic anhydride followed by propylene oxide and by direct oxyalkylation under acidic and alkaline conditions.

A generalized mathematical model of biological oscillators.

Biological rhythms such as circadian rhythms, biochemical rhythms and neural oscillators are based on the mathematical model of the theory of harmonic oscillators. These are solutions of certain second-order differential equations. They can also be viewed as spherical harmonics on the circle in the two-dimensional Euclidean space.

In vivo bypass of hemophilia A coagulation defect by factor XIIa implant.

Hemophilia A and B coagulation defects, which are caused by deficiencies of Factor VIII and Factor IX, respectively, can be bypassed by administration of recombinant Factor VIIa. However, the short half-life of recombinant Factor VIIa in vivo negates its routine clinical use. We report here an in vivo method for the continuous generation of Factor VIIa.

Synthesis of some fully 3' and 4'-C-branched-chain sugar nucleoside analogues.

The synthesis of some new 3'-azido-3'-C-substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogues is described. The key step is the geminal disubstitution of an appropriated ketone carbohydrate, via the regioselective ring opening of the corresponding tosyl-epoxide derivative.

[Synthesis of 6-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides of monoterpenyls].

The synthetic apiosyl-glucosides having (S)-3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl (linalyl); (R)-1-methyl-1-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl (terpineyl); (E) and (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl (geranyl and neryl); (S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-yl (citronellyl); benzyl and 2-phenylethyl as aglycon moiety were prepared using the stereospecific trichloroacetimidate Schmidt method. The key intermediate diholoside 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-6-O-[(3-C-acetoxymethyl)-2,3-di-O-acetyl-beta-D- erythrofuranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose was obtained by Kochetkov glycosylation of a branched-chain tetrofuranose cyanoethylidene derivative. The NMR data (1H and 13C) of the synthetic compounds and the glycosylation shifts of the apiose moiety are reported.

Comparison between technetium-99m-teboroxime and thallium-201 dipyridamole planar myocardial perfusion imaging in detection of coronary artery disease.

Technetium-99m (TC-99m)-teboroxime is a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare Tc-99m-teboroxime with thallium-201 imaging after the administration of dipyridamole. Thirty patients referred for the evaluation of chest pain were studied with both thallium-201 and Tc-99m-teboroxime dipyridamole scans (mean interval 2 days).

Ultrastructural cytochemistry of perinucleolar dense spots in heat-treated macroconidia of Neurospora crassa.

Upon heat treatment at 46 degrees C of Neurospora macroconidia, numerous dense sports appear around the nucleolus but disappear completely 5 h after shift-down to normal temperature. Cytochemical reactions and high-resolution autoradiography after pulse-labeling with tritiated uridine indicate that these dense sports contain RNA (perhaps pre-rRNA), RNP and other proteins, but no DNA.

Heat-induced changes in respiratory pathways and mitochondrial structure during microcycle conidiation of Neurospora crassa.

Changes in both respiratory pathways and mitochondrial structure of Neurospora crassa occurred under conditions of microcycle conidiation. Upon heat-treatment at 46 degrees C, conidia developed a highly cyanide-insensitive, hydroxamate-sensitive respiration associated with morphological alterations in mitochondrial membranes; such changes were time-dependent. When heat-treated conidia were shifted down to 25 degrees C, the alternate, hydroxamate-sensitive respiration decreased significantly, paralleling the recovery of well-cristated mitochondria with an electron-dense matrix in the germ tubes.