A prospective study comparing highly qualified Molecular Tumor Boards with AI-powered software as a medical device.

Background: The implementation of cancer precision medicine in Japan is deeply intertwined with insurance reimbursement policies and requires case-by-case reviews by Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs), which impose considerable operational burdens on healthcare facilities. The extensive preparation and review times required by MTBs hinder their ability to efficiently assess comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) test results. Despite attempts to optimize MTB operations, significant challenges remain.

Limited sampling approach for model-informed precision dosing of daptomycin to rapidly achieving the target area under the concentration-time curve: A simulation study.

Daptomycin, an anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug, causes exposure-dependent muscle toxicity and eosinophilic pneumonia. Although the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-guided dosing is crucial, an optimal blood sampling strategy is lacking. This study aimed to identify an optimal limited sampling strategy using Bayesian forecasting to rapidly achieve the target AUC.

A simulation study on model-informed precision dosing of amikacin for achieving target area under the concentration-time curve.

Aims: Amikacin requires therapeutic drug monitoring for optimum efficacy; however, the optimal model-informed precision dosing strategy for the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of amikacin is uncertain. This simulation study aimed to determine the efficient blood sampling points using the Bayesian forecasting approach for early achievement of the target AUC range for amikacin in critically ill patients.

Methods: We generated a virtual population of 3000 individuals using 2 validated population pharmacokinetic models identified using a systematic literature search.

Model-informed precision dosing of vancomycin for rapid achievement of target area under the concentration-time curve: A simulation study.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate limited sampling strategies for achieving the therapeutic ranges of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of vancomycin on the first and second day (AUC , AUC , respectively) of therapy. A virtual population of 1000 individuals was created using a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model, which was validated and incorporated into our model-informed precision dosing tool. The results were evaluated using six additional PopPK models selected based on a study design of prospective or retrospective data collection with sufficient concentrations.

Mechanism of non-steroidal anti-androgen-induced liver injury: Reactive metabolites of flutamide and bicalutamide activate inflammasomes.

Flutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgen agent, which is mainly used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Flutamide is known to cause severe adverse events, which includes idiosyncratic liver injury. However, details of the mechanism of these adverse reactions have not been elucidated.

Managing postoperative atrial fibrillation after open-heart surgery using transdermal β blockers.

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after open-heart surgery is a non-negligible complication. We aimed to describe the efficacy of a transdermal patch of bisoprolol for managing POAF and flutter in thoracic surgical procedures.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 384 patients who underwent open-heart surgery at our hospital and received oral bisoprolol to prevent POAF.

Model-informed precision dosing of teicoplanin for the rapid achievement of the target area under the concentration-time curve: A simulation study.

Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antimicrobial, is recommended for therapeutic drug monitoring, but it remains unclear how to target the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). This simulation study purposed to demonstrate the potential of the Bayesian forecasting approach for the rapid achievement of the target AUC for teicoplanin. We generated concordant and discordant virtual populations against a Japanese population pharmacokinetic model.

Young Healthy Patient With Severe COVID-19 and Fulminant Community-Acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia: A Case Report.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by in healthy adults can rapidly lead to severe outcomes. We treated a case of -induced CAP and concurrent severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a healthy 39-year-old man without other serious risk factors for severe illness except smoking. Immediately after admission, the patient developed sepsis and received intensive broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy with meropenem and vancomycin, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VAECMO), and catecholamine supplementation.

Disproportionality analysis of acetaminophen-induced hepatic disorders with and without immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Although acetaminophen is recommended for the treatment of mild-to-moderate cancer pain, acetaminophen-induced hepatic disorders pose an important clinical challenge. Concomitant prescription of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may further increase the risk of hepatic disorders in patients taking acetaminophen; however, there are few clinical studies that confirm this.

Aim: To evaluate the risk of hepatic disorders in patients taking concomitant acetaminophen and ICIs using a disproportionality analysis from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.

Adverse events after administration of the first and second doses of messenger RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in Japanese subjects aged 12-18 years.

Objective: Using a prospective observational design, we assessed adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccination in Japanese patients.

Methods: Two doses of the mRNA-1273 (SPIKEVAX®) or BNT162b2 (COMIRNATY®) vaccine were administered to participants aged 12 to 18 years, and AEs after each dose were recorded for 14 days. Data on the duration and nature (local vs.

Overlapping-plasty technique for pulmonary artery aneurysm.

Massive pulmonary artery aneurysms, while extremely rare, might require surgical intervention. Most previous cases have been repaired either by pulmonary artery plication or synthetic graft replacement. We report a case of massive pulmonary artery aneurysm that was successfully repaired using an 'overlapping-plasty' technique with the help of 3D image simulation.

A strategy to enable rapid healing and prevent recurrence of venous ulcers.

Introduction: Venous ulcers are often intractable.

Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the effectiveness of endovenous ablation, compression therapy, moist wound healing, and skin care in the management of venous ulcers.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients (10 male, 18 female; mean age, 70.

Analysis of the frequency of ceftriaxone-induced encephalopathy using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.

Background: The profile of ceftriaxone-induced encephalopathy is not well understood.

Aim: To identify risk factors associated with ceftriaxone-induced encephalopathy.

Method: In this observational study, anonymised patient data were retrieved from the open-access Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database for ceftriaxone users aged 20 years or higher.

Probability of target attainment of oral antimicrobials for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae based on Monte Carlo simulations.

Although early transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobials can reduce hospitalization duration, susceptibility breakpoints have not been established for many oral antimicrobials against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. Thus, we used population pharmacokinetic models, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices, and Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the probability of target attainment (PTA) for common oral antimicrobial dosages against E. coli and K.

Feasibility of incompetent perforator vein excision using stab avulsion.

Objectives: Whether incompetent perforator veins (IPVs) require treatment remains controversial. We retrospectively evaluated the feasibility of IPV excision performed using the stab avulsion technique without ligation and sutures in patients undergoing endovenous ablation (EA).

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study.

Effect of the introduction of a management bundle for blood culture collection.

Background: Inappropriate blood collection subjected to blood culture (BC) causes BC contamination and may complicate the diagnose is of infectious diseases. Therefore, we developed a bundle based on the guideline recommendations for appropriate blood collection and examined the effects of bundle introduction.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of BC samples to determine the contamination rates before and after introducing the BC bundle.

Risk of Pregabalin-Induced Hypoglycemia: Analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database.

Pregabalin is a first-line treatment option for neuropathic pain. Recently, some cases of pregabalin-induced hypoglycemia have been reported, which can complicate the treatment of neuropathic pain and worsen patient outcomes. Therefore, a better understanding of the clinical condition of patients with pregabalin-induced hypoglycemia is desirable.

Portal circle.

Highlight A 51-year-old man was referred for further evaluation of a hepatic anomaly detected on abdominal ultrasonography. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed an extremely rare portal venous anomaly, almost like a 'portal circle'. Ataka and colleagues present the first report of this type of anomaly and describe it from an embryological perspective.

Multiple Cardiovascular Diseases or Risk Factors Increase the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether disease severity varied according to whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients had multiple or single cardiovascular diseases and risk factors (CVDRFs).

Methods and results: COVID-19 patients with single (n=281) or multiple (n=412) CVDRFs were included retrospectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed no significant difference in the risk of in-hospital death between groups, but patients with multiple CVDRFs had a significantly higher risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio: 1.