Risk Factors of Infectious Complications After Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Biopsy.

Background: Infectious complications after endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS-TBB) are serious in that they may delay or change scheduled subsequent therapy. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for infection after EBUS-GS-TBB.

Research Question: What are the risk factors for infection after EBUS-GS-TBB?

Study Design And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,045 consecutive patients who had undergone EBUS-GS-TBB for peripheral lung lesions between January 2013 and December 2017 at Fujita Health University Hospital.

Diagnostic contribution of cytological examination to endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy for lung malignancies.

Although endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial biopsy (TBB) with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) is widely used for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions, the diagnostic contribution of cytology (bronchial brushing, bronchial washing and biopsy forceps rinse) has not been established. To determine the diagnostic contribution of cytological examination to EBUS-GS-TBB, we reviewed medical records of patients with lung malignancies who had undergone TBB with EBUS-GS (EBUS-GS group, =187) or TBB without EBUS-GS (conventional TBB [CTBB] group, =197) at Nagoya University Hospital. Although the mean size of target lesions was significantly larger in the CTBB group than the EBUS-GS group, the total diagnostic rate was equivalent between two groups (EBUS-GS: 73.

Prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis presenting with a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on computed tomography in patients with myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis: a retrospective single-center study.

Background: Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis (MPO-ANCA nephritis) is occasionally accompanied by lung abnormalities such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the clinical features of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis have not been well documented. This study was performed to compare the prognosis of a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of lung fibrosis in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte profiles in mediastinal lymphadenopathy of sarcoidosis.

Lymphocyte profiles in mediastinal lymph nodes may reflect the immune status of patients with sarcoidosis. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is useful for the diagnosis of diseases with mediastinal lymphadenopathy including sarcoidosis. The purpose of this study was to determine lymphocyte profiles of lymph nodes in sarcoidosis by analyzing EBUS-TBNA samples.

Feasibility of tissue re-biopsy in non-small cell lung cancers resistant to previous epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies.

Background: When epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) acquires resistance to the initial tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, reassessing the tumor DNA by re-biopsy is essential for further treatment selection. However, the process of TKI-sensitive tumor re-progression and whether re-biopsy is possible in all cases of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI remain unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 69 consecutive patients with EGFR gene mutation-positive advanced NSCLC who had been treated with EGFR-TKI and exhibited disease relapse after initial disease remission.

A simple method of bronchial occlusion with silicone spigots (Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot; EWS®) using a curette.

Background: Bronchial occlusion with an Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot (EWS) has been shown to be useful in managing prolonged bronchopleural fistulas and intractable hemoptysis. EWS bronchial occlusion using a curette is less technically demanding. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical utility and simplicity of this method.

Bronchus sign on thin-section computed tomography is a powerful predictive factor for successful transbronchial biopsy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for small peripheral lung lesions: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Recent advances in bronchoscopy, such as transbronchial biopsy (TBB) using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS), have improved the diagnostic yield of small-sized peripheral lung lesions. In some cases, however, it is difficult to obtain adequate biopsy samples for pathological diagnosis. Adequate prediction of the diagnostic accuracy of TBB with EBUS-GS is important before deciding whether bronchoscopy should be performed.

[Efficacy and safety of cisplatin plus pemetrexed as a first-line treatment for Japanese patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer -- a retrospective analysis].

Background: Cisplatin plus pemetrexed is considered the standard of care for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the efficacy and safety of this regimen in Japanese patients in a daily clinical setting.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 40 patients who received cisplatin (75 mg/m/(2)) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2)) as a first-line treatment for advanced non-squamous NSCLC.

Upregulation of CD11b on eosinophils in aspirin induced asthma.

Background: Although a challenge test using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is crucial for diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma (AIA), it also has drawbacks in terms of possible side effects. Therefore, alternative in-vitro diagnostic methods for AIA are awaited.

Methods: Nineteen stable non-AIA patients (9 males and 10 females; mean age, 49.