Amorphous cellulose nanofiber supercapacitors.

Despite the intense interest in cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) for biomedical and engineering applications, no research findings about the electrical energy storage of CNF have been reported yet. Here, we present the first electroadsorption effects of an amorphous cellulose nanofiber (ACF) supercapacitor, which can store a large amount of electricity (221 mJm, 13.1 Wkg).

AlO clusters' electric storage effect in amorphous alumina supercapacitors.

In this study, the electric storage effect of AlO clusters in amorphous alumina (AAO) supercapacitors was investigated in terms of cluster morphologies under electron-beam irradiation. Based on first-principles density functional calculation, the optimised structure of AlO clusters around an O-vacancy is characterised by a large vacant space created by the absence of an O atom and its neighbouring Al atom. The localised electrons present near the two-atomic vacancies induce positive charges on the inside of the insulating oxide surface, ensuring the adsorption of many electrons on the surface.

Amorphous titanium-oxide supercapacitors.

The electric capacitance of an amorphous TiO surface increases proportionally to the negative sixth power of the convex diameter d. This occurs because of the van der Waals attraction on the amorphous surface of up to 7 mF/cm, accompanied by extreme enhanced electron trapping resulting from both the quantum-size effect and an offset effect from positive charges at oxygen-vacancy sites. Here we show that a supercapacitor, constructed with a distributed constant-equipment circuit of large resistance and small capacitance on the amorphous TiO surface, illuminated a red LED for 37 ms after it was charged with 1 mA at 10 V.

Superior electric storage on an amorphous perfluorinated polymer surface.

Amorphous perfluoroalkenyl vinyl ether polymer devices can store a remarkably powerful electric charge because their surface contains nanometre-sized cavities that are sensitive to the so-called quantum-size effect. With a work function of approximately 10 eV, the devices show a near-vertical line in the Nyquist diagram and a horizontal line near the -90° phase angle in the Bode diagram. Moreover, they have an integrated effect on the surface area for constant current discharging.