Statistical Analysis of Factors Affecting Surgically Induced Astigmatism Following Trabeculectomy.

Purpose: To objectively evaluate surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and investigate the relationships between SIA and various factors.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included the right eyes of 66 consecutive patients who underwent standard trabeculectomy performed in the superior temporal quadrant for the first time by a single surgeon. Keratometry recordings made before surgery and 3 months after surgery were collected to calculate the SIA in each patient.

Changes in Tear Osmolarity after Cataract Surgery.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the ocular surface before and after phacoemulsification with small incisions and to examine the changes in tear osmolarity.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study involving 55 eyes of 39 patients (19 male, 20 female patients; average age 72.0±7.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Nonarteritic Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion Alone.

Cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO) is a rare disease. Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old man with nonarteritic cilioretinal artery occlusion alone. The patient was allergic to fluorescein.

Evaluation of the Utility of Capsular Stabilization Devices in a Zonular Fiber Defect Model with the Slit Side View System.

Capsular stabilization devices were evaluated in a zonular fiber defect model using the slit side view (SSV) system to confirm their utility for capsular stabilization during phacoemulsification. A zonular fiber defect model was made by cutting Zinn's zonule under observation with a slit lamp microscope in a porcine eye. Phacoemulsification was performed, and the movement of the lens capsule and the depth of the anterior chamber were observed using the SSV in three groups: control group: no surgical instruments used, CE group: a capsule expander was inserted, and CTR group: a capsular tension ring was inserted.

Effects of Combinations of Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices and Suction Flow Rates on the Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage Incurred during Phacoemulsification.

We examined the effects of different ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) and suction flow rates during phacoemulsification on the amount of ultrasound power used and damage to the corneal endothelium. In total, 48 eyes of 24 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens insertion with different OVD settings in the left and right eye between February and August 2018 were examined retrospectively from medical records. Each of the following types of OVDs was used in either the right or left eye of each patient: a viscoadaptive OVD (V group) or a combination of dispersive and cohesive OVDs (soft-shell technique; S group).

Immune Checkpoints Contribute Corneal Immune Privilege: Implications for Dry Eye Associated with Checkpoint Inhibitors.

The eye is provided with immune protection against pathogens in a manner that greatly reduces the threat of inflammation-induced vision loss. Immune-mediated inflammation and allograft rejection are greatly reduced in the eye, a phenomenon called 'immune privilege'. Corneal tissue has inherent immune privilege properties with underlying three mechanisms: (1) anatomical, cellular, and molecular barriers in the cornea; (2) an immunosuppressive microenvironment; and (3) tolerance related to regulatory T cells and anterior chamber-associated immune deviation.

Early Experience with Two Techniques of Intrascleral Intraocular Lens Fixation.

Background: We compared our early experience of visual outcomes, operation time, and complications for two techniques of intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation: T-fixation and flanged IOL fixation.

Methods: Data from patients who underwent scleral fixation of an IOL between October 2017 and December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Intraoperative time for fixation steps, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) rate reduction, and intraoperative/postoperative complications were compared between T-fixation (Group T, n = 4) and flanged IOL fixation (Group F, n = 6).

VISTA Is Crucial for Corneal Allograft Survival and Maintenance of Immune Privilege.

Purpose: V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immune checkpoint receptor and ligand for regulating T cell proliferation and cytokine production. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of VISTA in the immune privilege of corneal allografts.

Methods: Expression of VISTA mRNA in mouse eyes was assessed with reverse-transcription PCR.

Protective Role of ICOS and ICOS Ligand in Corneal Transplantation and in Maintenance of Immune Privilege.

Purpose: The interaction between the inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) and ICOS ligand (ICOSL) has been implicated in the differentiation and functions of T cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of ICOS-ICOSL in the immune privilege of corneal allografts.

Methods: Expression of ICOS and ICOSL mRNA from mouse eyes was assessed by RT-PCR.

[Incidence of endogenous intraocular inflammation patients who visited Nippon Medical School Hospital during the 8 years from 2004 to 2012].

Purpose: To report the clinical statistical analysis of patients with endogenous intraocular inflammation who visited Nippon Medical School Hospital during the 8 years from 2004 to 2012.

Subjects And Methods: This retrospective study involved 759 new patients with endogenous intraocular inflammation who visited Nippon Medical School Hospital during the 8 years from April 2004 to April 2012.

Results: The subjects comprised 357 men and 402 women.

Mometasone furoate nasal spray relieves the ocular symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

Background: Recent studies have examined the effects of intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) in relieving the ocular symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis. However, because most of these studies were based on subjective assessments by patients, the associated factors and mechanism of action are unknown.

Methods: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was carried out in which patients with SAR were randomly assigned to an INS mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) group or to a placebo group and treated once daily for 4 weeks.