The efficacy of second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor for patients with metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma following first-line immune-oncology combination therapy.

Purpose: Metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis and is treated with immunotherapy (IO)-based combinations according to the clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as cabozantinib and axitinib, are commonly used as the 2nd line therapy after 1st line IO combination therapy, but their efficacy as 2nd line TKI therapy for nccRCC is unknown. In this study, we performed a retrospective multicenter analysis of nccRCC patients who were previously treated with IO combination therapy and received 2nd line TKIs.

Vesicovaginal fistula and bladder calculus formation secondary to long-term retention of an intrauterine device.

Introduction: Although uterine perforation is a rare but serious complication, intrauterine devices are globally popular and effective contraceptive methods.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old female patient manifesting symptoms of vaginal leakage and lower abdominal discomfort was admitted to our hospital. Diagnostic imaging identified a vesicovaginal fistula and bladder calculi attributable to perforation of the bladder by an intrauterine device that had been inserted over four decades ago.

Oncologic and Functional Outcomes of Salvage Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Report of the First 10 Cases.

Background: Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) after PSA failure in patients who underwent initial radiotherapy or focal therapy has rarely been reported in Japan. We aimed to report the oncologic and functional outcomes of the first 10 cases of sRARP.

Methods: Ten patients underwent sRARP after failing to respond to initial radiotherapy or focal therapy.

Myelodysplastic syndrome occurring after enfortumab vedotin treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Introduction: Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting Nectin-4 for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma in patients previously treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Common adverse events include rashes, peripheral neuropathy, and hyperglycemia. However, there are no reports on the development of myelodysplastic syndrome during enfortumab vedotin therapy in clinical settings.

Lower pretreatment serum testosterone level predicts poor prognosis in the patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to reveal the association between pretreatment serum testosterone levels and prognosis in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods: A total of 91 patients were included in this retrospective study. Clinical data were obtained through chart review.

Prostate-specific antigen doubling time predicts the efficacy of site-directed therapy for oligoprogressive castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: In recent years, site-directed therapies (SDTs) targeting progressive lesions in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer have attracted attention. However, whether they effectively treat oligoprogressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy of SDT in patients with oligoprogressive CRPC and identified prognostic factors.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the Retroperitoneal Space Arising from the Diaphragm.

Background/aim: We present a case of solitary fibrous tumor, arising from the diaphragm in the retroperitoneal space, that was resected with robotic assistance.

Case Report: An 85-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a suspected right renal tumor. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a tumor (maximum diameter, 36 mm) protruding from the superior pole of the right kidney.

Enfortumab vedotin versus platinum rechallenge in post-platinum, post-pembrolizumab advanced urothelial carcinoma: A multicenter propensity score-matched study.

Objective: Enfortumab vedotin (EV) was approved for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) in 2021 after the EV-301 trial showed its superiority to non-platinum-based chemotherapy as later-line treatment after platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors including pembrolizumab. However, no study has compared EV with rechallenging platinum-based chemotherapy (i.e.

Geriatric 8 and Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 predict length of hospital stay and postoperative complications in Japanese patients undergoing urological surgery.

Introduction: The Geriatric 8 (G8) and Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13) are established screening tools for assessing vulnerability in older patients. Here we investigated their usefulness as predictors of length of hospital stay and postoperative complications in Japanese patients undergoing urological surgery.

Materials And Methods: This study included 643 patients who underwent urological surgery (74% were for malignancy) at our institute from 2017 to 2020.

Validation of a drug-based score in advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab.

To validate a 'drug score' that stratifies patients receiving immunotherapy based on concomitant medications (antibiotics/proton pump inhibitors/corticosteroids) in urothelial carcinoma (UC). We assessed oncological outcomes according to the drug score in 242 patients with advanced UC treated with pembrolizumab. The drug score classified patients into three risk groups with significantly different survivals.

Predictive Factors of Lower Urinary Tract Injuries and Spontaneous Voiding Failure After Pelvic Fractures.

Background/aim: This study aimed to describe the voiding patterns of patients after surgical treatment of pelvic fractures and determine the predictive factors of lower urinary tract injuries (LUTIs) and spontaneous voiding failure among patients with surgically treated pelvic fractures at a tertiary trauma center in Japan.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively assessed patients with surgically treated pelvic fractures in our tertiary trauma center during May 2009-April 2021. We excluded patients who died during hospitalization and who had indwelling catheter prior to the injury.

Subclassification of pT3 upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: The prognosis of patients with pT3 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) varies. The current study aimed to further classify patients with pT3 UTUC into different survival outcome groups based on tumor location and site of invasion.

Methods: This retrospective study included 323 patients with pT3 UTUC who underwent nephroureterectomy at 11 hospitals in Japan.

Primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the prostate in a patient with HIV infection.

Introduction: Primary prostate lymphomas are very rare; however, the incidence of malignant lymphoma is high among HIV-infected patients. Herein, we report a case of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the prostate in an HIV-infected patient.

Case Presentation: A 47-year-old man presented with miction pain and back pain.

Improved survival in real-world patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma: A multicenter propensity score-matched cohort study comparing a period before the introduction of pembrolizumab (2003-2011) and a more recent period (2016-2020).

Objectives: Although the treatment strategy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) has drastically changed since pembrolizumab was introduced in 2017, studies revealing current survival rates in aUC are lacking. This study aimed to assess (1) the improvement in survival among real-world patients with aUC after the introduction of pembrolizumab and (2) the direct survival-prolonging effect of pembrolizumab.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 531 patients with aUC undergoing salvage chemotherapy, including 200 patients treated in the pre-pembrolizumab era (2003-2011; earlier era) and 331 patients treated in a recent 5-year period (2016-2020; recent era).

Radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy for prostate-specific antigen persistence in lymph node-positive prostate cancer.

The treatment for lymph node involvement (LNI) after radical prostatectomy (RP) has not been established. This study aimed to reveal the outcomes of various management strategies among patients with LNI after RP. Retrospectively, 561 patients with LNI after pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) with RP treated between 2006 and 2019 at 33 institutions participating in the Japanese Urological Oncology Group were investigated.