Publications by authors named "Tomoyoshi Komiyama"
Landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β1-selective blocker, is more effective in controlling heart rate compared with digoxin in patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias and left ventricular dysfunction. However, the effect of atrial tachyarrhythmia type on the effectiveness of landiolol remains unknown. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of landiolol in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial tachycardia (AT), not limited to those with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociations between neurotransmitters, adrenergic receptor (ADR) mutations, and behaviors in chickens produced and domesticated by artificial selection remain unclear. This study investigates the association of neurotransmitters and ADR mutations with egg laying and cockfighting-behaviors associated with significantly different breeding backgrounds-in Shaver Brown and Shamo chickens. Accordingly, the whole sequences of nine ADR genes were determined, and nine amino acid-specific mutation sites from five genes (ADRα1A: S365G, ADRα1D: T440N, ADRα2A: D273E, ADRβ1: N443S, S445N, ADRβ3: R342C, Q404L, and P406S) were extracted.
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- The study explores how the intensity of a pre-contraction (Test 1) affects the EMG activity of the biceps brachii during a weak elbow flexion task (Test 2) after strong contractions (conditioning).
- Results indicated that a 2% test contraction intensity (TCI) led to increased EMG activity in Test 2, while a 20% TCI resulted in decreased EMG activity.
- Additionally, spectral analysis showed that lower intensity levels improve certain brain wave patterns (α- and β-band power ratios) in EMG signals after intensive muscle contraction, highlighting the importance of test contraction intensity on muscle response.
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- The authors are issuing a correction to their previously published paper.
- This correction addresses specific inaccuracies or errors found within the original text.
- The intent is to clarify information and ensure better understanding of the subject matter discussed in the paper.
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- - The study examined the impact of ankle joint position on cutaneous reflexes in the peroneus longus (PL) muscle among patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) compared to age-matched controls.
- - Researchers stimulated the sural nerve while participants stood in different ankle positions, revealing that CAI patients had a more pronounced suppressive middle latency cutaneous reflex (MLR) during neutral standing than controls, but not during extreme inversion.
- - The results indicated that CAI patients experienced deterioration in their sensory-motor system, affecting both reflex response and ankle position sense, highlighting differences between them and healthy controls.
Most patients with Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) are postmenopausal females. TTS in males is rare and gender differences have not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we investigated gender differences in TTS.
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- This study investigates how genetic mutations may influence the spread (metastasis) of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the adrenal gland (AG).
- The analysis included whole mitochondrial gene sequencing and RNA sequencing data from a male patient with metastatic RCC, identifying key mutation sites in mitochondrial genes.
- Findings suggest that mutations in mitochondrial DNA could be an early factor in metastasis, specifically through cytokine interaction pathways between RCC and adrenal carcinoma.
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- Natural manipulation tasks involve two main parts: grasping (using hand muscles) and lifting (using proximal muscles), but it's unclear how these muscle groups are controlled together.
- In a study, researchers recorded muscle activity while participants performed grip and lift tasks with a small box, discovering significant increases in synchronized muscle activity (beta-rhythm coherence) among specific muscle pairs.
- The results indicate that the central nervous system fine-tunes motor commands to different muscle combinations during these tasks, suggesting that various touch sensations and loading conditions can enhance the synchronization of muscle activity.
Syncope is commonly encountered in daily clinical practice. Depending on its etiology (benign or life-threatening conditions or environmental triggers), syncope can be neurally mediated (reflex), cardiac, or orthostatic. Furthermore, neurologic disease can cause symptoms that mimic syncope.
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- In animal studies, the indirect corticospinal tract (CST) via cervical interneurons is known to help adjust motor commands for tasks like reaching for targets, but its function in humans was still uncertain.
- This research assessed changes in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in elbow muscles during target-reaching and switching movements by using various stimulation techniques.
- Results showed that MEPs increased in response to the direction of switching movements, suggesting that CST excitation is adaptable and may involve cervical interneuronal systems during these motor tasks.
We investigated circulatory dynamics in patients with vasodepressor type neurally mediated syncope (VT-NMS) by performing high-resolution Holter electrocardiography and a correlation analysis of changes in adenylate cyclase activity, blood pressure, and pulse during the head-up tilt test. Holter electrocardiography was performed for 30 patients. Adenylate cyclase activity was evaluated in lymphocytes from blood samples taken at rest and during the head-up tilt test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Takotsubo syndrome is a stress-induced disease that makes up 2-3% of acute coronary syndrome cases. However, its onset mechanism remains unclear. Although females are overwhelmingly affected, males end up having more cardiac complications.
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- Visual stimulation can enhance the activation of cervical interneurons (IN) involved in arm muscle control, specifically the biceps brachii (BB) in healthy individuals.
- The study involved 28 participants who underwent electromyogram (EMG) recordings during various experiments, showing that visual stimuli paired with transcranial magnetic/electrical stimulation (TMS/TES) result in increased motor-evoked potentials (MEPs).
- Findings indicate that visual cues improve the effectiveness of CST inputs through cervical IN, suggesting a previously underexplored link between visual input and human motor control mechanisms.
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- The study investigated how repetitive electrical stimulation to specific areas of the foot impacts muscle activity and nerve adaptation during walking in humans.
- Stimulation applied to the medial forefoot during the transition phases of walking led to longer stance durations and increased muscle activity, effects that lasted for up to 30 minutes after stimulation.
- It was found that the effects of stimulation are location-specific and phase-dependent, with no changes observed when the stimulation was applied in static postures, suggesting a connection between walking and sensory input from the feet.
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- - The study examines the CPN reflex, an involuntary response triggered by low-intensity electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve, which supports body weight during walking and shows increased activity during heel strikes.
- - Researchers tested 28 subjects who performed arm cycling while measuring changes in the CPN reflex, finding that the reflex was significantly stronger during cycling than before it, with modulation occurring only at specific stimulation intensities.
- - The increase in CPN reflex during arm cycling suggests a neural connection between arm and leg movements, indicating that locomotion of the arms may influence how knee extensor muscles respond to ankle signals, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear.
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is considered a highly heritable, T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the hair follicle. However, no convincing susceptibility gene has yet been pinpointed in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a genome region known to be associated with AA as compared to other regions.
Methods: We engineered mice carrying AA risk allele identified by haplotype sequencing for the MHC region using allele-specific genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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- * In a study with 32 healthy participants, combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with peripheral nerve stimulation showed greater motor-evoked potential (MEP) responses during motor imagery tasks compared to control tasks.
- * The results indicate that motor imagery activates cervical premotoneurons, facilitating motor recovery processes that could be beneficial for both animals and humans.
Although the fighting behaviour in gamecocks has evolved because of artificial selection, it is unknown whether the selection for aggressiveness affects neurotransmitter levels in the avian central nervous system. We sought to identify the source and origin of this trait. We collected the brain samples from 6 female Shamo gamecocks and 5 Shaver Brown chickens (control; bred for egg production).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with various genetic alterations. Although whole-genome/exome sequencing analysis has revealed that nuclear genome alterations are associated with clinical outcomes, the association between nucleotide alterations in the mitochondrial genome and RCC clinical outcomes remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed somatic mutations in the mitochondrial D-loop region, using RCC samples from 61 consecutive patients with localized RCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe enteric protozoa Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis, which is one of the most common parasitic diseases in developed and developing countries. Entamoeba nuttalli is the genetically closest species to E. histolytica in current phylogenetic analyses of Entamoeba species, and is prevalent in wild macaques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objective: We assessed the aggressiveness of localized renal cell carcinoma (N0M0 RCC) with rhabdoid differentiation (RD) after partial or radical nephrectomy.
Methods: A total of 604 patients with N0M0 RCC who had undergone partial or radical nephrectomy at a single institution were included in this study. Clinicopathological and outcome data on recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and time to recurrence (TTR) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods, log-rank test, univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, and concordance index.
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- * Blood samples were taken at rest and during a head-up tilt (HUT) test to measure changes in AC activity, revealing distinct levels in different types of NMS patients (vasodepressor type and mixed type).
- * The findings indicate that NMS patients have significantly different AC activity levels compared to healthy volunteers, suggesting that AC activity measurements could aid in diagnosing NMS.
Various gene alterations related to acute leukemia are reported to be involved in drug resistance. We investigated idarubicin (IDR) resistance using exome nuclear DNA analyses of the human acute leukemia cell line MOLT-3 and the derived IDR-resistant cell line MOLT-3/IDR. We detected mutations in MOLT-3/IDR and MOLT-3 using both Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) and SnpEff program.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of potential prognostic parameters of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) recommended by the 2012 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference in the Japanese population. We reviewed 406 Japanese patients with localized or locally advanced ccRCC who underwent curative surgery during 2004-2014 at Tokai University Hospital (Isehara, Japan) and were followed up for >2 years after surgery. A single pathologist reviewed all the histological slides.
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- Sprint motor performance declines after reaching peak speed, potentially due to central nervous system factors.
- Recent studies on brain stimulation show that direct current stimulation (DCS) affects sprinting, but its specific impacts were unclear.
- In experiments with healthy volunteers, cathodal spinal DCS significantly increased sprint cycling performance compared to other methods, suggesting it might reduce fatigue and enhance overall sprint capability.