Second malignancy in advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after the advent of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with recurrent or advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) who developed secondary malignancies, as well as evaluate the impact of these secondary malignancies on the course of lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: This study included 112 patients with postoperative recurrent or advanced NSCLC, who received TKIs, ICIs, or immune combination therapy as the primary treatment modality between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2020, and achieved long-term survival (≥2 years). Secondary malignancies were defined as newly diagnosed cancers in other organs occurring after NSCLC treatment initiation.

Trophoblast Cell Surface Antigen 2 Expression in Thymic Carcinoma: Brief Report.

Introduction: Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in various cancer types. Although TROP2-targeting therapy is currently attracting attention, little is known about TROP2 expression in thymic carcinoma.

Methods: TROP2 gene expression in thymic epithelial tumors was analyzed using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for 122 cases obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Study Design and Rationale for Marble Study: A Phase II Trial of Atezolizumab (MPDL3280A) Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Thymic Carcinoma (JTD2101).

Background: Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare thymic epithelial tumor, and advanced or recurrent TC has limited prognosis. Treatment for chemotherapy-naïve, advanced, or recurrent TC remains unchanged with the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel; therefore, a new treatment strategy is warranted. Immune checkpoint blockades inhibiting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway (PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1) have shown potential as a monotherapy for TC, although the efficacy of monotherapy was moderate for previously treated TC.

CALML5 is a novel diagnostic marker for differentiating thymic squamous cell carcinoma from type B3 thymoma.

Background: Thymic squamous cell carcinoma and type B3 thymoma are primary neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum that are sometimes difficult to differentiate from one another histologically. However, only a few immunohistochemical markers are available for the differential diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to discover a novel marker for differentiating between thymic squamous cell carcinoma and type B3 thymoma.

Late relapse of ulcerative colitis presenting as tracheobronchitis: a case report.

Background: Lung involvement in inflammatory bowel diseases usually follows colitis. However, the time to lung involvement onset varies depending on the case, and pulmonary lesions are usually not parallel to exacerbations of the colitis.

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old Asian woman with a 38-year history of ulcerative colitis presented to our hospital with a complaint of prolonged dry cough for 2 months.

A Case of Tuberculosis-related Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism Successfully Treated with Edoxaban.

A 22-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of headache and vomiting. Radiological examinations revealed cerebral sinus venous thromboses, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cavities in the left upper lung. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed based on sputum and gastric aspirate culture.

Clinical Significance of Tumor Markers for Advanced Thymic Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis from the NEJ023 Study.

The optimal tumor marker for predicting the prognosis of advanced thymic carcinoma (ATC) remains unclear. We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study of patients with ATC. A total of 286 patients were treated with chemotherapy.

Novel use for an EGFR mutation-specific antibody in discriminating lung adenocarcinoma from reactive pneumocyte hyperplasia.

Aims: Pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) are frequently observed. Histopathologically, their presentation can indicate a wide range of disorders from an inflammatory process to malignancy. An accurate diagnosis based on GGNs can sometimes be challenging on small-sized biopsies.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors beyond progressive disease: a retrospective analysis for Japanese patients with activating EGFR mutations.

Introduction: It is not determined whether the continuous use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is reasonable for patients with activating EGFR mutations, who have progressed with the drug.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 2002 to 2010 of consecutive patients who had advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutations and showed radiological disease progression after EGFR-TKI treatment as the first-line or second-line setting. We classified them into two groups: continuous EGFR-TKI and switching to chemotherapy, and compared the clinical outcomes.

[Bronchofiberscopic treatment for malignant tracheobronchial tumor].

We evaluated bronchofiberscopic treatment for 38 cases with malignant tracheobronchial tumor. We performed bronchofiberscopic ethanol injection therapy in 13 cases, endoscopic diode laser treatment in 19 cases and airway stent insertion in 9 cases. Each treatment was comparatively easy and improved symptoms such as dyspnea effectively.