Cognitive behavioral therapy with interoceptive exposure and complementary video materials for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan.

Background: There is growing evidence of the treatment efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). CBT is recommended by several practice guidelines for patients with IBS if lifestyle advice or pharmacotherapy has been ineffective. Manual-based CBT using interoceptive exposure (IE), which focuses on the anxiety response to abdominal symptoms, has been reported to be more effective than other types of CBT.

Neural basis of impaired cognitive flexibility in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Impaired cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa (AN) causes clinical problems and makes the disease hard to treat, but its neural basis has yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain activity of individuals with AN while performing a task requiring cognitive flexibility on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), which is one of the most frequently used neurocognitive measures of cognitive flexibility and problem-solving ability.

Methods: Participants were 15 female AN patients and 15 age- and intelligence quotient-matched healthy control women.

The features of adolescent irritable bowel syndrome in Japan.

Objective And Background: The onset of IBS is in adolescence in many cases. However, the features of adolescent IBS were generally lacking. The objective of this research was to know the features of adolescent IBS in Japan.

Epidemiology of esophageal cancer: Orient to Occident. Effects of chronology, geography and ethnicity.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been rapidly increasing in Western countries during the past half century, especially in white men. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) used to be the dominant type of esophageal malignancy both in Western and Asian countries. The rapid increase of EAC in Western countries has occurred in parallel with an increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its major determinant, obesity.

[Definition and classification of GERD].

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a condition which develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. Traditionally, it was defined as a condition in which either or both of reflux esophagitis and reflux symptoms can be identified. The Montreal definition expanded the category of GERD to complications of esophagitis and extra-esophageal symptoms with or without established evidence on the correlation with GERD.

Epidemiology of reflux disease and CLE in East Asia.

Geoprevalence and chronoprevalence of reflux esophagitis were studied from a literature survey, which showed that the prevalence of reflux esophagitis seems to be correlated with economical development. In East Asia, prevalence of reflux esophagitis is between that of Western Europe and Africa. The prevalence of columnar-lined esophagus (CLE) was surveyed in East Asia and in Sendai, with reference to Helicobacter pylori infection.