Endoscopic surgical treatment for pituitary apoplexy in three elderly patients over the age of 80.

Objectives: As the population continues to live longer, the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma-induced apoplexy becomes more common in the elderly. The standard treatment options for pituitary apoplexy are debatable. Although there is little information regarding the treatment of pituitary apoplexy in elderly patients, the optimal treatment needs to be determined for this age group.

Coil embolization of an aneurysm located at the trunk of the persistent primitive trigeminal artery.

A 71-year-old woman presented with an aneurysm at the trunk of the persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) manifesting as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography and three-dimensional computed tomography revealed a wide-necked saccular aneurysm at the trunk of the left PPTA. Coil embolization with the balloon-assist technique was successful and PPTA patency was preserved.

Secondary cervical dystonia following stereotactic radiosurgery in a patient with thalamic glioma.

Background: Cervical dystonia associated with structural lesion is uncommon. We report the first patient with secondary CD after stereotactic radiosurgery for thalamic glioma. Possible network abnormalities relevant to manifestation of CD were discussed.

Spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the orbit: case report.

Background: A spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the orbit is exceedingly rare. We report the first case of such condition treated with direct surgical exposure of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) followed by embolization.

Case Description: A 55-year-old man presented with upper lid swelling, conjunctival chemosis, and proptosis of the right eye.