Changes in Pharmacy Students' Awareness of Hepatitis B Patients through Patient Lectures as Humanity Education: Findings from Questionnaire Surveys of Face-to-Face and Simultaneous Remote Classes.

In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic made social distancing compulsory. In patient lectures by hepatitis B patients (Patient Lectures)-a humanity education initiative that had traditionally been delivered face-to-face to assembled students-it was necessary to divide the students into two groups, one that attended the Patient Lectures in person (face-to-face group) and another that assembled in a separate room to view the delivered lecture simultaneously and remotely via a teleconferencing platform (remote group). To investigate possible changes in students' awareness of hepatitis B patients before (pre-) and after (post-) the lecture that year, the face-to-face and remote-attendance groups were analyzed separately.

[Validation of the Qualitative Study Findings using Quantitative Analyses on the Current Status of Pharmacists in Home Health Care in Medium-Sized Areas].

Although the issue of home medical care and pharmacists remains widespread, much of the discussion has concentrated on its state in urban areas. We believe that it is necessary to consider the state of home health care in medium-sized regions, that is separate from its urban form, with a population of approximately 100000. Thus, we conducted a qualitative study in Hikone City, Shiga Prefecture, to identify factors that impede pharmacists involved in home medical care.

[Survey in Hyogo Prefecture on the Current Status of Pharmacists in Home Health Care and Exploration of Factors Causing Psychological Burden].

There is a need for pharmacists to be actively involved in home healthcare through a wide range of collaboration in healthcare and welfare. However, insufficient evidence is available to search for factors that prevent pharmacists from being proactive in home healthcare. In this study, we conducted an extensive questionnaire survey among pharmacists engaged in home pharmacy work who belong to the Hyogo Pharmaceutical Society regarding the current status of pharmacists' work in home medical care and their psychological burden; we also explored the factors that may hinder the future development of home medical care.

Effect of prior knowledge and peer evaluation ratings on final exam performance in a team-based learning chemistry course.

Introduction: Various reports have been published regarding adoption of team-based learning (TBL) in pharmacy education. However, there is insufficient published evidence on the effect of student characteristics on student learning outcomes in a TBL curriculum. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of pre-study examination results and peer evaluation ratings on learning outcomes.

[Learning Strategy for Pharmacy Students to Develop Empathy for Hepatitis B Patients through a Lecture Presented by Patients Describing Their Daily Lives].

In April 2018, as part of their fifth-year pre-clinical education curriculum, pharmacy students at Setsunan University attended a lecture presented by hepatitis B patients and their lawyer entitled "Lecture by Hepatitis B Patients". This lecture was intended to help the students to understand the circumstances and difficulties encountered by hepatitis B patients on a daily basis. For this study, we conducted questionnaire surveys of the pharmacy students before and after the lecture.

[Implementation and Verification of Tabletop Training Program for Disaster Evacuation Shelter Support for School Pharmacist].

In this paper, as a program targeting school pharmacists engaged in health counseling and health guidance at elementary and junior high schools, which are often evacuation centers, we have rebuilt the disaster evacuation shelter support chart program for community pharmacists. As a result of the questionnaire survey, there were seen 4 groups. There were a group that was conscious of shelter support, a group who felt that they did not have aptitude for disaster relief, a group that was conscious of general support and logistical support, and a group that showed a negative attitude towards disaster relief.

[A Qualitative Analysis of Mobile Pharmacies as Disaster Measure and Pharmacists' Mental Health during Disaster Support: The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake].

The use of medical supply vehicles (mobile pharmacies) as a disaster measure developed after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 when a massive tsunami destroyed the medicine supply system. In the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, mobile pharmacies were dispatched from Oita, Wakayama, and Hiroshima and contributed to medical treatment in the disaster area. In this study, we conducted an interview to structure the mental conflicts of the pharmacists supporting the disaster victims by means of the mobile pharmacies, a novel medical support tool.

Comparative study of hydrolytic metabolism of dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by microsomes of various rat tissues.

Phthalates are used in food packaging, and are transferred to foods as contaminants. In this study, we examined the hydrolytic metabolism of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by rat tissue microsomes. We found that carboxylesterase and lipase contribute differently to these activities.

[Survey on Disaster Relief Activities to the Pharmacists Belonging to Kobe-city Pharmaceutical Organization].

In 2014, there were about 160 thousands community pharmacists in Japan. Community pharmacists are health care workers who help victims in a disaster and are potential resources who can provide disaster relief. However, currently the disaster relief activities of community pharmacists are merely a resourceful and flexible demonstration of their professional abilities and not a specifically organized activity.

Hydrolytic metabolism of phenyl and benzyl salicylates, fragrances and flavoring agents in foods, by microsomes of rat and human tissues.

Salicylates are used as fragrance and flavor ingredients for foods, as UV absorbers and as medicines. Here, we examined the hydrolytic metabolism of phenyl and benzyl salicylates by various tissue microsomes and plasma of rats, and by human liver and small-intestinal microsomes. Both salicylates were readily hydrolyzed by tissue microsomes, predominantly in small intestine, followed by liver, although phenyl salicylate was much more rapidly hydrolyzed than benzyl salicylate.

[Studies Using Text Mining on the Differences in Learning Effects between the KJ and World Café Method as Learning Strategies].

The KJ method (named for developer Jiro Kawakita; also known as affinity diagramming) is widely used in participatory learning as a means to collect and organize information. In addition, the World Café (WC) has recently become popular. However, differences in the information obtained using each method have not been studied comprehensively.

[Concept extraction of graduate research by modified grounded theory approach and creating of rubric oriented to performance evaluation].

  A revised core curriculum model for pharmaceutical education, developed on the basis of the principles of outcome-based education, will be introduced in 2015. Inevitably, appropriate assessments of students' academic achievements will be required. Although evaluations of the cognitive domain can be carried out by paper tests, evaluation methods for the attitude domain and problem-solving abilities need to be established.

[A self-improvement and participatory career development education program involving internships and volunteer training experience for pharmacy students: results verified in a follow-up survey three years after participation].

The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, offers the Self-improvement and Participatory Career Development Education Program: Internship and Volunteer Training Experience for Pharmacy Students to third-year students. We previously reported that the training experience was effective in cultivating important attributes among students, such as a willingness to learn the aims of pharmacists, an awareness of their own role as healthcare workers, and a desire to reflect on their future careers and lives. A follow-up survey of the participants was carried out three years after the training experience.

[Practical chemistry education provided by team-based learning (TBL) and peer evaluation].

Learning chemistry is cumulative: basic knowledge and chemical calculation skills are required to gain understanding of higher content. However, we often suffer from students' lack of learning skills to acquire these concepts. One of the reasons is the lack of adequate training in the knowledge and skills of chemistry, and one of the reasons for this lack is the lack of adequate evaluation of training procedures and content.

Comparative study of the hydrolytic metabolism of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, heptyl- and dodecylparaben by microsomes of various rat and human tissues.

Hydrolytic metabolism of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, heptyl- and dodecylparaben by various tissue microsomes and plasma of rats, as well as human liver and small-intestinal microsomes, was investigated and the structure-metabolic activity relationship was examined. Rat liver microsomes showed the highest activity toward parabens, followed by small-intestinal and lung microsomes. Butylparaben was most effectively hydrolyzed by the liver microsomes, which showed relatively low hydrolytic activity towards parabens with shorter and longer alkyl side chains.

[Adaptation of peer evaluation to small group discussion (SGD) and its validity for summative evaluation].

We adopted peer evaluation (mutual evaluation between students) for small group discussion (SGD) among first graders. The peer evaluation criteria were 5 grade scales for 5 fields: "preparation," "remark," "listening," "activeness," and "role." A comparison with tutor evaluation clarified the validity of peer evaluation for summative evaluation.

Involvement of carboxylesterase 1 and 2 in the hydrolysis of mycophenolate mofetil.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the ester prodrug of the immunosuppressant agent mycophenolic acid (MPA) and is rapidly activated by esterases after oral administration. However, the role of isoenzymes in MMF hydrolysis remains unclear. Although human plasma, erythrocytes, and whole blood contain MMF hydrolytic activities, the mean half-lives of MMF in vitro were 15.

Ethanol-induced expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene is mediated by NF-kappaB.

Glutamate-cysteine ligase is a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of glutathione, a known scavenger of electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) is regulated transcriptionally by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). It has been reported that ethanol induces human GCLC production via Nrf2-mediated transactivation of the antioxidant-responsive element (ARE).

Chromium(VI) inhibits mouse metallothionein-I gene transcription by preventing the zinc-dependent formation of an MTF-1-p300 complex.

Mouse MT-I (metallothionein-I) transcription is regulated by MTF-1 (metal-response-element-binding transcription factor-1) which is recruited to the promoter in response to zinc. Cr(VI) [chromium(VI)] pretreatment blocks zinc-activation of the endogenous MT-I gene and attenuates zinc-activation of MT-I-promoter-driven luciferase reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Cr(VI) only modestly reduces recruitment of MTF-1 to the MT-I promoter in response to zinc, but drastically reduces the recruitment of RNA polymerase II.

The in vitro metabolism of a pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin, and its hydrolysis products in rats.

The in vitro metabolism of permethrin and its hydrolysis products in rats was investigated. Cis- and trans-permethrin were mainly hydrolyzed by liver microsomes, and also by small-intestinal microsomes of rats. trans-Permethrin was much more effectively hydrolyzed than the cis-isomer.

Involvement of human blood arylesterases and liver microsomal carboxylesterases in nafamostat hydrolysis.

Metabolism of nafamostat, a clinically used serine protease inhibitor, was investigated with human blood and liver enzyme sources. All the enzyme sources examined (whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and liver microsomes) showed nafamostat hydrolytic activity. V(max) and K(m) values for the nafamostat hydrolysis in erythrocytes were 278 nmol/min/mL blood fraction and 628 microM; those in plasma were 160 nmol/min/mL blood fraction and 8890 microM, respectively.

Role of metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) in EGF-dependent DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes.

Metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), which is involved in sensing heavy metal load, induces the transcription of several protective genes. The mouse Mtf-1 gene is essential, and Mtf-1(-/-) embryos die from liver degeneration. We showed that DNA synthesis induced in hepatocytes by epidermal growth factor (EGF) was delayed by inhibition of MTF-1.

C-terminal deletion mutant of MRE-binding transcription factor-1 inhibits MRE-driven gene expression.

Heavy metal-induced transcriptional activation of the genes coding for metallothionein (MT) is mediated by a cis-acting DNA element, the metal-responsive element (MRE). MRE-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is a highly conserved heavy metal-induced transcriptional activator. MTF-1 also activates transcription in response to oxidative stress and regulates the expression of several cytoprotective factor genes, including MT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase.

Inhibition of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive tumor growth by vaccination with either full-length or the C-terminal end of PSMA.

For experimental immunotherapy of prostate cancer, we used a model system to target a defined region of the extracellular domain of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is a surface antigen expressed by prostate epithelium that is upregulated approximately 10-fold in most prostate tumors. We vaccinated BALB/c mice with NIH3T3 cells cotransfected with pST/neo plus pEF-BOS-based vectors expressing either the full-length 750-amino acid human PSMA or only the C-terminal 180-amino acid region (PSMc).