Relationship Between Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists on Cancer Development in Patients With Bronchial Asthma: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background/aim: An association between leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) and cancer has been previously reported, but the relationship between LTRA use and cancer prevention remains controversial. This study aimed to clarify the cancer-preventive effect of LTRA in Japanese patients with bronchial asthma.

Patients And Methods: We obtained information from a large populationbased medical information database to analyze data on patients who were newly diagnosed with bronchial asthma between 2006 and 2015.

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Use and Dementia Risk in Patients With Asthma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background/aim: Recent experimental studies have reported that leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) might protect against dementia. However, few clinical studies have examined this in humans. This study assessed whether the use of LTRAs can prevent the onset of dementia in humans.

Nrf2 Lowers the Risk of Lung Injury via Modulating the Airway Innate Immune Response Induced by Diesel Exhaust in Mice.

In the present study, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in airway immune responses induced by diesel exhaust (DE) inhalation in mice. C57BL/6J and mice were exposed to DE or clean air for 8 h/day and 6 days/week for 4 weeks. After DE exposure, the number of neutrophils and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and interleukin (IL)-17 level in the lung tissue increased in mice compared with mice; however, the lack of an increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the lung tissue in mice and mild suppression of the level of TNF-α in mice were observed; the level of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the lung tissue decreased in mice than in mice; the number of DE particle-laden alveolar macrophages in BALF were larger in mice than in mice.

Effects of maternal exposure to ultrafine carbon black on brain perivascular macrophages and surrounding astrocytes in offspring mice.

Perivascular macrophages (PVMs) constitute a subpopulation of resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS). They are located at the blood-brain barrier and can contribute to maintenance of brain functions in both health and disease conditions. PVMs have been shown to respond to particle substances administered during the prenatal period, which may alter their phenotype over a long period.

Effect of aerosol particles generated by ultrasonic humidifiers on the lung in mouse.

Background: Ultrasonic humidifiers silently generate water droplets as a cool fog and produce most of the dissolved minerals in the fog in the form of an aerosolized "white dust." However, the health effect of these airborne particles is largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize the aerosol particles generated by ultrasonic humidifiers and to investigate their effect on the lung tissue of mice.

Expression profile of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the development of endometriosis in a mouse model.

Ectopic endometrial tissue induces various reactions in surrounding tissues, such as the surface of the ovary and peritoneal cavity, leading to endometriosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression profile of extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion molecules in the early steps of development of experimental mouse endometriosis, specifically in peritoneum adjacent to endometrium transplants attached via autotransplantation. The endometriosis model was induced by autotransplantation of endometrium to peritoneal tissue.

Pathological study for the effects of in utero and postnatal exposure to diesel exhaust on a rat endometriosis model.

Previous studies have shown that prenatal and postnatal exposure to diesel exhaust (DE), which is known to be one of the main constituents of air pollution, enhances the persistence of endometriosis in a rat model. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathological changes induced by DE exposure in a rat model of endometriosis. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to DE or clean air beginning on gestational day 2 and neonatal rats were persistently exposed to DE or clean air.

Maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticle increases collagen type VIII expression in the kidney of offspring.

The potential health risks of inhaling nanomaterials are of great concern because of their high specific activity and their unique property of translocation. Earlier studies showed that exposure to nanoparticles through the airway affects both respiratory and extrapulmonary organs. When pregnant mice were exposed to nanoparticles, the respiratory system, the central nervous system and the reproductive system of their offspring were affected.

Clarithromycin and telithromycin increases interleukin-10 expression in the rat endometriosis model.

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder associated with infertility. However, treatment options remain limited at present. Since the pathogenesis involves immune responses, the immunomodulatory effect of macrolide on endometriosis has been the focus of much research.

[Health effects of nanomaterials on next generation].

In order to discuss the health effects of nanomaterials, we cannot disregard the research on the health effects of airborne particulates. It is said that many of the fine or ultrafine particles in airborne particulates originate from diesel vehicles in metropolitan areas. The results of not only animal experiments but many epidemiologic surveys and volunteer intervention experiments in humans are reported on the health effects of particles.

Microarray analysis provides insight into the early steps of pathophysiology of mouse endometriosis model induced by autotransplantation of endometrium.

Aims: To characterize the biochemical alterations that occur in the peritoneal tissue of the mouse endometriosis model during early development of the lesion using microarray analysis.

Main Methods: The endometriosis model was induced by autotransplantation of endometrium in 8-week-old female ICR mice. Peritoneum only (excluding the transplant) was obtained 24, 48, and 96 h after the autotransplantation and subjected to microarray analysis.

Cytokine and chemokine expression in a rat endometriosis is similar to that in human endometriosis.

The pathogenesis of endometriosis, a gynecologic disorder associated with infertility, appears to involve immune responses. However, the details involved have not been clarified. In this study, we analyzed expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, eosinophil chemotactic protein, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and CC chemokine receptor 1 in endometriotic lesions in a rat model in which endometrium is autotransplanted onto peritoneal tissue and found that they were remarkably increased, while those of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma were not.

An ultrastructural study on the ligamentum flavum of the cervical spine in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Some histological analyses of the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) have been reported, but no ultrastructural studies of the ligamentum flavum (LF) in patients with OPLL have been published to date. To understand the pathology of the ossification of the spinal ligament, we examined, by electron microscopy, ultrastructural changes in the LF in cases of OPLL and made a comparison with the LF in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Subjects were three men and two women with cervical OPLL who underwent longitudinal spinous process-splitting laminoplasty.

Increase of activated mast cells in human endometriosis.

Problem: The proliferation of stromal cells in endometriosis promotes extensive adhesion; therefore, the morphological analysis of stromal lesions is important in the investigation of the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Method Of Study: In this study, the morphological and numeric comparisons of degranulated mast cells were performed between endometriotic lesions and comparative regions (eutopic endometrium and normal uterine serosa) of patients with and without endometriosis.

Results: In cases of endometriosis, diffuse infiltration of numerous mast cells was observed throughout the stromal lesions.

Light and electron microscopic evaluation of antileukotriene therapy for experimental rat endometriosis.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of antileukotriene therapy, we examined the morphologic alteration in experimental rat endometriosis both with and without leukotriene receptor antagonist treatment.

Design: Light and electron microscopic analysis.

Setting: Tochigi Institute of Clinical Pathology, Japan.

Role of immunoreactions and mast cells in pathogenesis of human endometriosis--morphologic study and gene expression analysis.

Study Objectives: To investigate the pathophysiology of human endometriosis, we examined by morphological and molecular biological methods.

Methods: Samples of ovarian endometriosis and normal ovarian tissues were obtained laparoscopically after informed consent. A morphological study by toluidine blue staining, immunohistochemistry of c-kit and electron microscopy demonstrated the localization of mast cells in the stromal lesions of endometriosis.

Pathological evaluation of the rat endometriosis model.

Objective: To observe in detail the morphology of experimental rat endometriosis, specifically in peritoneum adjacent to uterine transplants attached via autotransplantation.

Design: Light and electron microscopic study.

Setting: Tochigi Institute of Clinical Pathology, Japan.