HIF-1α regulates mTOR signaling pathway during salivary gland development.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-composed of multiple complexes, including mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2)-is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates embryonic development. The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), is also involved in embryonic development. As the relationship between mTOR and HIF-1α during embryonic development remains unclear, we investigated the relationship between the two using ex vivo submandibular salivary gland organ cultures.

The HIF-1α pathway plays a critical role in salivary gland development in ex vivo organ cultures.

The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), has previously been shown to upregulate the expression of hypoxia-related genes, including erythropoietin (EPO). However, the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in morphogenesis during salivary gland development is unclear. We investigated the function of HIF-1α in submandibular gland (SMG) organ cultures obtained from embryonic day 13.

[Neuromuscular blocking effects of Org 9426 (rocuronium bromide); a comparative study with vecuronium bromide in Japanese patients].

Background: Efficacy and safety of Org 9426 were compared with those of vecuronium bromide in Japanese patients.

Methods: We studied 88 Japanese patients undergoing surgery requiring general anesthesia. Patients were allocated randomly to receive intubation dose of 0.

Cerebral glucose metabolism change in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: a PET study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine abnormalities of the central nervous system in patients with chronic pain who were diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).

Materials And Methods: Brain activity was assessed using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. The data collected from 18 patients were compared with data obtained from 13 normal age-matched controls.

[A case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension effectively treated with cervical epidural blood patch].

We report a case of cervical spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). The patient is a 46-year-old woman with hard of hearing, dizziness and postural headache. Radionuclide cisternography (RNC) demonstrated a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak at the low cervical region.

Heart rate variability and arterial blood pressure variability show different characteristic changes during hemorrhage in isoflurane-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs.

Unlabelled: We assessed the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) as indices of autonomic nervous system and volume status during hemorrhage in isoflurane-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. Nine dogs were used. They were sequentially subjected to withdrawal of 30% estimated blood volume and graded isoflurane inhalation of 1% and 2% followed by discontinuation of isoflurane and retransfusion.