Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the 4A's Test for delirium screening in the elderly patient.

Although many screening tools for delirium are available, delirium is still occasionally overlooked or misdiagnosed. One of the reasons for this is the lack of brief screening tools that do not require specialized training to use. The 4 'A's test (the 4AT) is a validated screening tool for delirium that can be administered in a very short time without specialized training.

[The Effectiveness of Epidural Droperidol for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Comparative Study of Droperidol and Adrenaline].

Background: Intravenous droperidol has strong evidence for antiemetic efficacy in high risk patients for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However it is not clear whether continuous epidural administration of doroperidol prevent PONV. It has been reported that epidural adrenaline decreases PONV; therefore we prospectively compared the effectiveness of epidural droperidol and adrenaline for prophylaxis of PONV.

Multilocus variable-number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for Clostridium tyrobutyricum strains isolated from cheese production environment.

Clostridium tyrobutyricum is a gram-positive spore-forming anaerobe that is considered as the main causative agent for late blowing in cheese due to butyric acid fermentation. In this study, multilocus variable-number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for C. tyrobutyricum was developed to identify the source of contamination by C.

Organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of nitrogen-substituted dihydropyran-2-ones, a key synthetic intermediate of 1beta-methylcarbapenems.

Organocatalytic enantioselective cycloadditions providing nitrogen-substituted dihydropyran-2-ones were developed in two catalytic systems. The (3R,4R)-product was a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of 1beta-methylcarbapenem antibiotics.

Copper-mediated C-H bond arylation of arenes with arylboronic acids.

A new copper-mediated cross-coupling of arenes and arylboronic acids is described. Under the influence of Cu(OCOCF 3) 2, the C-H bond arylation of electron-rich arenes with arylboronic acids takes place to afford a range of biaryls in good yields. The reaction is selective for cross-coupling; no homocoupling product arising from arenes or arylboronic acids is detected.

Direct C-H arylation of (hetero)arenes with aryl iodides via rhodium catalysis.

A new method for the catalytic C-H arylation of heteroarenes and arenes that manifests high activity paired with reasonably broad scope was developed. Under the catalytic influence of RhCl(CO){P[OCH(CF3)2]3}2 and Ag2CO3, the direct C-H arylation of heteroarenes/arenes with aryl/heteroaryl iodides took place to afford a range of biaryls in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. Thiophenes, furans, pyrroles, indoles, and alkoxybenzenes are applicable in this arylation protocol.

Effect of polyethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide on the fusion of bovine nuclear transfer using mammary gland epithelial cells.

The effects of polyethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide (PEG/DMSO) treatment of donor cells on the fusion and subsequent development of bovine nuclear transfer embryos using mammary gland epithelial (MGE) cells before electrofusion (fresh MGE cells) was studied. The same study was conducted on those cells that were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen, and then thawed (frozen-thawed MGE cells). Experiment 1 showed that the exposure time and pH of PEG/DMSO solution affected the fusion of nuclear transfer, and that a higher fusion rate was obtained when fresh MGE cells were exposed to PEG/DMSO solution at pH 8.