Publications by authors named "Tomoko Oshima"
Article Synopsis
- Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and aggressive form of non-small cell lung cancer that typically progresses quickly and often resists standard chemotherapy, leading to a poor prognosis.
- A case report highlights the successful use of selpercatinib, a kinase inhibitor, as a first-line treatment in a patient with advanced pulmonary LCNEC that contains a rare fusion gene.
- The findings emphasize the critical need for early genetic testing in patients with pulmonary LCNEC to allow for more effective targeted therapies.
Article Synopsis
- - A 77-year-old man with a previous IPF diagnosis remained unstable after a year of treatment with an anti-fibrotic drug called nintedanib.
- - Upon hospital admission for breathing difficulties, further exposure assessments were conducted, leading to a re-diagnosis of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), specifically chronic farmer's lung.
- - The addition of oral glucocorticoids to his treatment regimen helped improve his condition, indicating that non-standardized tests like antigen avoidance and environmental inhalation challenges can be valuable for diagnosing fibrotic HP when done correctly.
Various essential oils from plants and fragrance components such as monoterpenes have been discovered to reduce spontaneous movements in mice; thus, it has been made clear that the odor itself has the sedative activity. In the present study, we examined the sedative activity of the odors of fragrance components added to eye drops; l-menthol, d-camphor, phenylethyl alcohol, and geraniol, which are often used as refreshers or preservatives. Each fragrance component was administered by the inhalation route to mice, and the sedative effects were evaluated using an open field test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: Whether two-drug therapy (clarithromycin and ethambutol) for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease contributes to the development of macrolide-resistant MAC is unclear.
Objective: To compare the incidence of macrolide-resistant MAC between patients treated with two-drug therapy (clarithromycin and ethambutol) and the standard three-drug therapy (clarithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampicin) for MAC pulmonary disease.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 147 patients with treatment-naive MAC pulmonary disease who had received two-drug therapy (n = 47) or three-drug therapy (n = 100) between 1997 and 2016 at National Hospital Organization, Tenryu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
We investigated the use of low concentrations of butanol (<40%, all v/v) as an organosolv pretreatment to fractionate lignocellulosic biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The pretreatment conditions were optimized for sorghum bagasse by focusing on four parameters: butanol concentration, sulfuric acid concentration, pretreatment temperature, and pretreatment time. A butanol concentration of 25% or higher together with 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The primary components of lignocellulosic biomass such as sorghum bagasse are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Each component can be utilized as a sustainable resource for producing biofuels and bio-based products. However, due to their complicated structures, fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass components is required.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Rice straw, a renewable resource, was pretreated for biorefinery applications, with the effectiveness of the process analyzed using advanced NMR spectroscopy on 13 different rice cultivars.
- Post-pretreatment analysis revealed that most lignin aromatic peak intensities either increased or remained the same, while those related to aliphatic linkages decreased, indicating significant changes in the composition of the straw.
- The study found consistent glucose yields in the treated biomass, linking starch-derived components positively with certain sugars in the hydrolysate and negatively with xylose levels, suggesting effective conversion of starch into useful biofuels.
Lignocellulosic biomass, such as rice straw, is often utilized as a bioresource after being hydrolyzed using dilute acid and separated into liquid hydrolysate and acid-insoluble residue. However, the biomass component that determines the distribution between liquid hydrolysate and acid-insoluble residue has not yet been clarified. In this study, the glucose content in the liquid hydrolysate and weight of acid-insoluble residue of 13 rice cultivars were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 73-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C was Successfully treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by localized treatment. During the follow-up period, abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed no HCC recurrence in the liver. However, 9 months after the treatment, abdominal lymph nodes appeared enlarged on CT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Liver metastases are a key factor affecting the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, linked to worse outcomes.
- The study investigates the expression of HNF4alpha through its P1 and P2 promoters in 63 surgically resected CRC cases, finding a significant correlation between low P1 expression and advanced tumor stages.
- Results indicate that decreased P1 expression is associated with higher rates of liver metastases and poorer survival rates for patients without liver metastasis at the time of surgery.