Basal differentiation and expression status of SOX2 and KLF4 in basal layers are prognostic factors for disease-specific survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Basal differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma is usually detected at invasive sites. However, its significance as a prognostic value has been poorly investigated.

Methods: COL17 was selected as a basal differentiation marker because of its stable expression in the basal-like cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

RNA-binding protein 14 promotes phase separation to sustain prostate specific antigen expression under androgen deprivation in human prostate cancer.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a big challenge in managing prostate cancer patients. The androgen receptor (AR) pathway is a major driver even in CRPC under androgen deprivation. The mechanism in maintaining of the AR pathway under androgen deprivation remains elusive.

RhoC upregulation is correlated with reduced E-cadherin in human breast cancer specimens after chemotherapy and in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Therapy-resistant cancer cells are a major problem in cancer research. Recent studies suggest that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key mechanism in therapy resistance. Yet, the expressions of EMT markers, EMT core regulators, and a stem cell marker of BMI1 during chemotherapy have been poorly analyzed in clinical breast cancer specimens.

RhoC and guanine nucleotide exchange factor Net1 in androgen-unresponsive mouse mammary carcinoma SC-4 cells and human prostate cancer after short-term endocrine therapy.

Background: Endocrine resistance is a critical issue in managing patients with prostate cancer. This study is undertaken to search for a potential molecular target connected with this process using a model system of androgen-dependent and androgen-unresponsive SC-3 and SC-4 cells.

Methods: Expression profiles, actin stress fiber organization, and the levels of activated Rho GTPases were compared between SC-4 and SC-3 cells using an oligonucleotide microarray, phalloidin staining, and a Rho activation assay.

Vitamin D3 suppresses the androgen-stimulated growth of mouse mammary carcinoma SC-3 cells by transcriptional repression of fibroblast growth factor 8.

Active metabolites of vitamin A and D are well known to act as growth inhibitors in hormone-related prostate and breast cancers. When various concentrations of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3), all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) were examined, the androgen-stimulated growth of mouse mammary carcinoma SC-3 cells was inhibited by vitamin D3 alone in a dose-dependent manner. A flow cytometer analysis showed that vitamin D3 leads SC-3 cells to relative G1-growth arrest after 72 h.

Transcriptional repression of fibroblast growth factor 8 by transforming growth factor-beta in androgen-dependent SC-3 cells.

We here characterized the transcriptional profiles of TGF-beta-responsive genes using androgen-dependent mouse mammary carcinoma SC-3 cells. Compared with the testosterone-stimulated SC-3 cells, 165 genes were up-regulated at more than 5-fold, and 78 genes were down-regulated to less than one-third in response to TGF-beta. Of note, fgf8, an androgen-inducible growth factor essential to the androgen-dependent growth of SC-3 cells, was severely repressed in response to TGF-beta.

Distinct expression patterns of claudin-1 and claudin-4 in intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors of the pancreas.

The expression of claudin-4 was investigated in human pancreas, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors of the pancreas (IPMT), and compared with that of claudin-1. In human adult pancreatic specimens, both claudin-1 and claudin-4 were immunohistochemically found in main and branching pancreatic ducts, terminal ductules and acinic cells, with the exception of endocrine cells. Of 12 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 11 (92%) had positive immunostaining for claudin-4, and seven (58%) for claudin-1.

Neuroendocrine tissue-specific transcription factor, BETA2/NeuroD, in gastric carcinomas: a comparison with chromogranin A and synaptophysin expressions.

BETA2/NeuroD (NeuroD) is a basic helix-loop-helix type of transcription factor mainly involved in neuroendocrine differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastric carcinomas by analyzing the NeuroD expression in comparison with those of chromogranin A and synaptophysin. Of the 70 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma, the expressions of NeuroD, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin were detected in 17 (24.

Fibroblast growth factor 8 expression in breast carcinoma: associations with androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen expressions.

Recent experimental data have clearly demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)8 plays a key role in the development of human prostate and breast cancers. However, little is known about the FGF8 expression profile in human breast cancer specimens. In this study, we analyzed FGF8 expression in 78 surgically resected specimens of breast cancer using an immunohistochemical method.