Sodium fluoride and silver diamine fluoride-coated tooth surfaces inhibit bacterial acid production at the bacteria/tooth interface.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether coating tooth surfaces with sodium fluoride (NaF) or silver diamine fluoride (SDF) inhibits bacteria-induced pH reductions at the bacteria/tooth interface.

Methods: Specimens of coronal enamel (CE) or root dentin (RD) were prepared. The surfaces of the specimens were treated with 2% NaF or 38% SDF solution.

Tip-cell behavior is regulated by transcription factor FoxO1 under hypoxic conditions in developing mouse retinas.

Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor and a critical regulator of angiogenesis. Various environmental stimuli, including growth factors, nutrients, shear stress, oxidative stress and hypoxia, affect FoxO1 subcellular localization and strongly influence its transcriptional activity; however, FoxO1-localization patterns in endothelial cells (ECs) during development have not been clarified in vivo. Here, we reported that FoxO1 expression was observed in three layers of angiogenic vessels in developing mouse retinas and that among these layers, the front layer showed high levels of FoxO1 expression in the nuclei of most tip ECs.

World's first magnetic resonance imaging/x-ray/operating room suite: a significant milestone in the improvement of neurosurgical diagnosis and treatment.

Object: In February 2006, the magnetic resonance/x-ray/operating room (MRXO) suite opened at the authors' institution. This is the first hybrid neurosurgical procedure suite to combine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and angiography within a neurosurgical operating room (OR). In the present paper the authors describe the concept of the MRXO as well as their first 10 months of experience using this suite, and discuss its advantages and limitations.