QXAFS study of CO and H adsorption on Pt in [PtAu(PPh)]-H[PMoO] solid.

The adsorption behaviors of H and CO molecules in crown-motif [PtAu(PPh)]-H[PMoO] (PtAu8-PMo12) solids were investigated by quick-scan X-ray absorption fine structure (QXAFS) measurements with a time resolution of 0.1 s. The electronic state of Pt in PtAu8-PMo12 was drastically changed by the adsorption of H and CO molecules because of the formation of Pt-H/Pt-CO interactions.

Counteranion-induced structural isomerization of phosphine-protected PdAu and PtAu clusters.

Controlling the geometric structures of metal clusters through structural isomerization allows for tuning of their electronic state. In this study, we successfully synthesized butterfly-motif [PdAu(PPh)] (PdAu8-B, B means butterfly-motif) and [PtAu(PPh)] (PtAu8-B) by the structural isomerization from crown-motif [PdAu(PPh)] (PdAu8-C, C means crown-motif) and [PtAu(PPh)] (PtAu8-C), induced by association with anionic polyoxometalate, [MoO] (Mo6) respectively, whereas their structural isomerization was suppressed by the use of [NO] and [PMoO] as counter anions. DR-UV-vis-NIR and XAFS analyses and density functional theory calculations revealed that the synthesized [PdAu(PPh)][MoO] (PdAu8-Mo6) and [PtAu(PPh)][MoO] (PtAu8-Mo6) had PdAu8-B and PtAu8-B respectively because PdAu8-Mo6 and PtAu8-Mo6 had bands in optical absorption at the longer wavelength region and different structural parameters characteristic of the butterfly-motif structure obtained by XAFS analysis.

Ceftriaxone-associated Pseudolithiasis in Elderly People: Frequency and Risk Factors.

Objective Ceftriaxone (CTRX) is a widely used antibiotic because of its long plasma half-life and good tissue transmission. Many of the reported studies on CTRX-associated pseudolithiasis were performed in children. Although some studies have been published in adults, there are no studies limited to elderly people.

Non-destructive mid-IR spectroscopy with quantum cascade laser can detect ethylene gas dynamics of apple cultivar 'Fuji' in real time.

Many plants, including fruits and vegetables, release biogenic gases containing various volatile organic compounds such as ethylene (CH), which is a gaseous phytohormone. Non-destructive and in-situ gas sampling technology to detect trace CH released from plants in real time would be attractive for visualising the ageing, ripening, and defence reactions of plants. In this study, we developed a CH detection system with a detection limit of 0.

Epigenetics: application of virtual image restriction landmark genomic scanning (Vi-RLGS).

Restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) is a powerful method for the systematic detection of genetic mutations in DNA length and epigenetic alteration due to DNA methylation. However, the identification of polymorphic spots is difficult because the resulting RLGS spots contain very little target DNA and many non-labeled DNA fragments. To overcome this, we developed a virtual image restriction landmark genomic scanning (Vi-RLGS) system to compare actual RLGS patterns with computer-simulated RLGS patterns (virtual RLGS patterns).

Molecular characterization of microbial mutations induced by ion beam irradiation.

A positive selection system for gene disruption using a sucrose-sensitive transgenic rhizobium was established and used for the molecular characterization of mutations induced by ion beam irradiations. Single nucleotide substitutions, insertions, and deletions were found to occur in the sucrose sensitivity gene, sacB, when the reporter line was irradiated with highly accelerated carbon and iron ion beams. In all of the insertion lines, fragments of essentially the same sequence and of approximately 1188bp in size were identified in the sacB regions.

An effective method for detection and analysis of DNA damage induced by heavy-ion beams.

We have developed an efficient system to detect and analyze DNA mutations induced by heavy-ion beams in Arabiopsis thaliana. In this system, a stable transgenic Arabidopsis line that constitutively expresses a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) by a single-copy gene at a genomic locus was constructed and irradiated with heavy-ion beams. The YFP gene is a target of mutagenesis, and its loss of function or expression can easily be detected by the disappearance of YFP signals in planta under microscopy.

In silico restriction landmark genome scanning analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae MAFF 311018.

We have developed a restriction landmark genome scanning (RLGS) system in silico, involving two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of DNA by computer simulation that is based on the availability of whole-genome sequences for specific organisms. We applied the technique to the analysis of the Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (Xoo) MAFF 311018, which causes bacterial blight in rice. The coverage that was found to be achievable using RLGS in silico, as a percentage of the genomic regions that could be detected, ranged from 44.

DNA adenine methylation changes dramatically during establishment of symbiosis.

The DNA adenine methylation status on specific 5'-GANTC-3' sites and its change during the establishment of plant-microbe interactions was demonstrated in several species of alpha-proteobacteria. Restriction landmark genome scanning (RLGS), which is a high-resolution two dimensional DNA electrophoresis method, was used to monitor the genomewide change in methylation. In the case of Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099, real RLGS images obtained with the restriction enzyme MboI, which digests at GATC sites, almost perfectly matched the virtual RLGS images generated based on genome sequences.

RAPD markers encoding retrotransposable elements are linked to the male sex in Cannabis sativa L.

Male-associated DNA sequences were analyzed in Cannabis sativa L. (hemp), a dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. DNA was isolated from male and female plants and subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.

Association of tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (TDMs) with differential gene expression.

Early studies proposed that DNA methylation could have a role in regulating gene expression during development [Riggs, A.D. (1975) Cytogenet.

Preference of DNA methyltransferases for CpG islands in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Many CpG islands have tissue-dependent and differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs) in normal cells and tissues. To elucidate how DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) participate in methylation of the genomic components, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern of the T-DMRs with Dnmt1-, Dnmt3a-, and/or Dnmt3b-deficient ES cells by restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS). Approximately 1300 spots were detected in wild-type ES cells.

Global methylation screening in the Arabidopsis thaliana and Mus musculus genome: applications of virtual image restriction landmark genomic scanning (Vi-RLGS).

Understanding the role of 'epigenetic' changes such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling has now become critical in understanding many biological processes. In order to delineate the global methylation pattern in a given genomic DNA, computer software has been developed to create a virtual image of restriction landmark genomic scanning (Vi-RLGS). When using a methylation- sensitive enzyme such as NotI as the restriction landmark, the comparison between real and in silico RLGS profiles of the genome provides a methylation map of genomic NotI sites.

Chlorophyll-deficient mutants of rice demonstrated the deletion of a DNA fragment by heavy-ion irradiation.

Heavy-ion irradiation is a new method of mutation breeding to produce new cultivars. We established the application of this method in rice plants to obtain mutants. Rice seeds were irradiated by C or Ne ions (135MeV/u) with a LET (linear energy transfer) of 22.