Effect of ultrafine CO2 bubbles on Euglena gracilis Z growth with CO2 gas bubble size and chlorophyll content.

Microalgae have been explored as a viable alternative food source. Among them, Euglena gracilis stands out as a promising single-cell algae. However, the challenge lies in developing more efficient and cost-effective methods for industrial mass production of Euglena gracilis under controlled culture conditions.

Do Ultrafine Bubbles Work as Oxygen Carriers?

Fine bubbles (FBs) are bubbles with sizes less than 100 μm and are divided into ultrafine bubbles (UFBs, < 1 μm) and microbubbles (MBs, 1-100 μm) depending on their size. Although FB aeration is known as a more efficient way than macrobubble aeration to increase the oxygen level in unoxygenated water, few reports have demonstrated whether dispersed UFBs work as oxygen carriers or not. Furthermore, oxygen supersaturation is one of the attractive characteristics of FB dispersion, but the reason is yet to be revealed.

Electrodeless hydrogen production from seawater using femtosecond laser pulses.

This study presents the first experimental evidence of direct H production from seawater without harmful gas emissions (, CO, Cl), which uses multiphoton ionization water splitting with a femtosecond pulse laser. According to H analysis using a gas chromatograph, the H production rate in seawater was 70 μmol h, which was approximately 3.3 times more than the ultrapure water case reported in the literature.